Tag: M.W=200-250

Wang, Lei published the artcileStructures of the Human PGD₂ Receptor CRTH2 Reveal Novel Mechanisms for Ligand Recognition, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, the publication is Molecular Cell (2018), 72(1), 48-59.e4, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The signaling of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) CRTH2 is a major pathway in type 2 inflammation. Compelling evidence suggests the therapeutic benefits of blocking CRTH2 signaling in many inflammatory disorders. Currently, a number of CRTH2 antagonists are under clin. investigation, and one compound, fevipiprant, has advanced to phase 3 clin. trials for asthma. Here, we present the crystal structures of human CRTH2 with two antagonists, fevipiprant and CAY10471. The structures, together with docking and ligand-binding data, reveal a semi-occluded pocket covered by a well-structured amino terminus and different binding modes of chem. diverse CRTH2 antagonists. Structural anal. suggests a ligand entry port and a binding process that is facilitated by opposite charge attraction for PGD₂, which differs significantly from the binding pose and binding environment of lysophospholipids and endocannabinoids, revealing a new mechanism for lipid recognition by GPCRs.

Molecular Cell published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C25H47NO8, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Savvina, L. N. published the artcileDibenzylcyanamide, COA of Formula: C15H14N2, the publication is Metody Polucheniya Khimicheskikh Reaktivov i Preparatov (1964), 32-3, database is CAplus.

(PhCH₂)₂– NCN (I) was synthesized from CaNCN and PhCH₂Cl (II). CaNCN (0.1 mole) was added to a mixture of 42 ml. H₂O and 10 g. ice, 0.2 mole 40% NaOH added after 30 min., the solution stirred 1 hr. at >25°, 0.02 mole II in 50 ml. alc. added, the mixture gently refluxed 3 hrs. unreacted II, alc., and oil were steam-distilled, the mixture was cooled to ∼20° and filtered, and the residue extracted with CHCl₃ to give 67.7-73.5% I, m. 47-50°.

Metody Polucheniya Khimicheskikh Reaktivov i Preparatov published new progress about 2451-91-4. 2451-91-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Nitrile,Amine,Benzene, name is N,N-Dibenzylcyanamide, and the molecular formula is C15H14N2, COA of Formula: C15H14N2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Savvina, L. N. published the artcileDibenzylamine, Formula: C15H14N2, the publication is Metody Polucheniya Khimicheskikh Reaktivov i Preparatov (1964), 28-9, database is CAplus.

Hydrolysis of (PhCH₂)₂NCN (I) with 40% H₂SO₄ yielded (PhCH₂)₂NH (II). A mixture of 68 ml. 40% H₂SO₄ and 0.1 mole I was heated 5 hrs. at 140°, cooled to 30-40°, 26 ml. 40% H₂SO₄ added, the mixture heated 3 hrs. at 140°, cooled, and ∼1 mole 40% NaOH added dropwise to weak alkalinity The oil was removed and the alk. solution extracted with CHCl₃ to yield 66-70% II, b. 298-300°.

Metody Polucheniya Khimicheskikh Reaktivov i Preparatov published new progress about 2451-91-4. 2451-91-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Nitrile,Amine,Benzene, name is N,N-Dibenzylcyanamide, and the molecular formula is C15H14N2, Formula: C15H14N2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bi, Xiaobao published the artcileImmobilization and Intracellular Delivery of Circular Proteins by Modifying a Genetically Incorporated Unnatural Amino Acid, Formula: C11H22N2O4, the publication is Bioconjugate Chemistry (2018), 29(7), 2170-2175, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Backbone-cyclic proteins are of great scientific and therapeutic interest owing to their higher stability over their linear counterparts. Modification of such cyclic proteins at a selected site would further enhance their versatility. Here we report a chemoenzymic strategy to engineer site-selectively modified cyclic proteins by combining butelase-mediated macrocyclization with the genetic code expansion methodol. Using this strategy, we prepared a cyclic protein which was modified with biotin or a cell-penetrating peptide at a genetically incorporated noncanonical amino acid, making the cyclization-stabilized protein further amenable for site-specific immobilization and intracellular delivery. Our results point to a new avenue to engineering novel cyclic proteins with improved physicochem. and pharmacol. properties for potential applications in biotechnol. and medicine.

Bioconjugate Chemistry published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, Formula: C11H22N2O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Saeki, Kazuko published the artcileIdentification, signaling, and functions of LTB₄ receptors, Formula: C12H23N3S, the publication is Seminars in Immunology (2017), 30-36, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), a lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid, is a chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. We identified two receptors for LTB₄, the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. BLT1 is expressed in various subsets of leukocytes, and analyses of BLT1-deficient mice revealed that the LTB₄/BLT1 axis enhances leukocyte recruitment to infected sites, and is involved in the elimination of pathogens. Hyperactivation of the LTB₄/BLT1 axis induces acute and chronic inflammation, resulting in various inflammatory diseases. BLT2 was originally identified as a low-affinity receptor for LTB₄, and we later identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity ligand for BLT2. BLT2 is highly expressed in epithelial cells in various tissues including intestine and skin. Large quantities of 12-HHT are produced by activated platelets during skin injury, and activation of BLT2 on epidermal keratinocytes accelerates skin wound healing by enhancing cell migration. BLT2 signaling also enhances cell-cell junctions, protectes against transepidermal water loss, and preventes entry of environmental substances into the body.

Seminars in Immunology published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Formula: C12H23N3S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sasaki, Fumiyuki published the artcileThe leukotriene receptors as therapeutic targets of inflammatory diseases, Recommanded Product: [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, the publication is International Immunology (2019), 31(9), 607-615, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. LTs include the di-hydroxy acid LT (LTB₄) and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; LTC₄, LTD₄ and LTE₄), all of which are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We and other groups identified a high-affinity LTB₄ receptor, BLT1; the LTC₄ and LTD₄ receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2; and the LTE₄ receptor, GPR99. Pharmacol. studies have shown that BLT1 signaling stimulates degranulation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, whereas CysLT1 and CysLT2 signaling induces airway inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Recently, we and other groups suggested that the LTB₄-BLT1 axis and the cysteinyl LTs-CysLT1/2 axis are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, obesity, cancer and age-related macular degeneration using animal models for disease and gene knockout mice. This review describes the classical and novel functions of LTs and their receptors in several inflammatory diseases and discusses the potential clin. applications of antagonists for LT receptors and inhibitors of LT biosynthesis.

International Immunology published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Recommanded Product: [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oi, Naomi published the artcileLTA4H regulates cell cycle and skin carcinogenesis, Quality Control of 321673-30-7, the publication is Carcinogenesis (2017), 38(7), 728-737, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), a bifunctional zinc metallo-enzyme, is reportedly overexpressed in several human cancers. Our group has focused on LTA4H as a potential target for cancer prevention and/or therapy. In the present study, we report that LTA4H is a key regulator of cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase acting by neg. regulating p27 expression in skin cancer. We found that LTA4H is overexpressed in human skin cancer tissue. Knocking out LTA4H significantly reduced skin cancer development in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted two-stage skin cancer mouse model. LTA4H depletion dramatically decreased anchorage-dependent and -independent skin cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, our findings showed that depletion of LTA4H enhanced p27 protein stability, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of CDK2 at Thr160 and inhibition of the CDK2/cyclin E complex, resulting in down-regulated p27 ubiquitination. These findings indicate that LTA4H is critical for skin carcinogenesis and is an important mediator of cell cycle and the data begin to clarify the mechanisms of LTA4H’s role in cancer development.

Carcinogenesis published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Quality Control of 321673-30-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hattori, Tomohiro published the artcileSynthesis of silacyclic dipeptides: Peptide elongation at both N- and C-termini of dipeptide, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022), 144(4), 1758-1765, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new type of peptide bond formation utilizing silacyclic amino acids or peptides is described. This work has the following advantages: (1) imidazolylsilane is a highly fascinating coupling reagent for dipeptide synthesis from N-,C-terminal unprotected amino acids with amino acid tert-Bu esters; (2) deprotection of the tert-Bu ester at the C-terminus and cyclization sequentially proceed depending on reaction conditions to afford novel silacyclic dipeptides; (3) the cyclized products show a remarkable capacity as substrates of peptide elongation because the silacyclic compounds can act as both nucleophiles and electrophiles, and this capacity lead to one-pot site-selective tetra- and oligopeptide syntheses. These innovative advantages will help to simplify classical peptide synthesis significantly.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Muramatsu, Wataru published the artcilePeptide bond formation of amino acids by transient masking with silylating reagents, Recommanded Product: H-Lys(Boc)-OH, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021), 143(18), 6792-6797, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A one-pot peptide bond-forming reaction has been developed using unprotected amino acids and peptides. Two different silylating reagents, HSi[OCH(CF₃)₂]₃ and MTBSTFA, are instrumental for the successful implementation of this approach, being used for the activation and transient masking of unprotected amino acids and peptides at C-termini and N-termini, resp. Furthermore, CsF and imidazole are used as catalysts, activating HSi[OCH(CF₃)₂]₃ and also accelerating chemoselective silylation. This method is versatile as it tolerates side chains that bear a range of functional groups, while providing up to >99% yields of corresponding peptides without any racemization or polymerization

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, Recommanded Product: H-Lys(Boc)-OH.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Seki, Eiko published the artcileFully productive cell-free genetic code expansion by structure-based engineering of Methanomethylophilus alvus pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase, Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is ACS Synthetic Biology (2020), 9(4), 718-732, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)/tRNA^Pyl pairs from Methanosarcina mazei and Methanosarcina barkeri are widely used for site-specific incorporations of non-canonical amino acids into proteins (genetic code expansion). In this study, we achieved the full productivity of cell-free protein synthesis for difficult, bulky non-canonical amino acids, such as N^ε-((((E)-cyclooct-2-en-1-yl)oxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine (TCO*Lys), by using Methanomethylophilus alvus PylRS. First, based on the crystal structure of M. alvus PylRS, the productivities for various non-canonical amino acids were greatly increased by rational engineering of the amino acid-binding pocket. The productivities were further enhanced by using a much higher concentration of PylRS over that of M. mazei PylRS, or by mutating the outer layer of the amino acid-binding pocket. Thus, we achieved full productivity even for TCO*Lys. The quantity and quality of the cell-free-produced antibody fragment containing TCO*Lys were drastically improved. These results demonstrate the importance of full productivity for the expanded genetic code.

ACS Synthetic Biology published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C17H29BO2, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics