Tag: 100-200

Hernandez-Esquivel, Alma Alejandra;Castro-Mercado, Elda;Garcia-Pineda, Ernesto published 《Comparative Effects of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Lipopolysaccharides on Wheat Seedling Growth and Peroxidase Activity》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》. They have made some progress in their research.Electric Literature of C7H7NO3 The article mentions the following:

The effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, a pathogenic bacterium, on plant growth and peroxidase (POD) activity were assessed on wheat seedlings. A. brasilense LPS (100μg/mL) increased total length, and total fresh weight in wheat seedlings 4 days after treatment. P. aeruginosa LPS did not show effect on plant growth. A. brasilense LPS increased root hairs length similar to whole cells, while P. aeruginosa LPS increased root hairs d. and slightly root hairs length. Both LPS increased POD activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in root; however, the LPS from the pathogenic bacterium generated higher increments. The peroxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) inhibited plant growth, which was not recovered by the addition of LPS neither A. brasilense nor P. aeruginosa. POD activity stimulated by LPS was calcium-dependent as confirmed by the addition of the calcium channel blocker LaCl3. The results suggest that plant cells sense differentially LPS from beneficial or pathogenic bacteria and that calcium is needed to respond to the presence of both LPS.N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Electric Literature of C7H7NO3

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Parkhitko, Andrey A.;Priolo, Carmen;Coloff, Jonathan L.;Yun, Jihye;Wu, Julia J.;Mizumura, Kenji;Xu, Wenping;Malinowska, Izabela A.;Yu, Jane;Kwiatkowski, David J.;Locasale, Jason W.;Asara, John M.;Choi, Augustine M. K.;Finkel, Toren;Henske, Elizabeth P. published 《Autophagy-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming Sensitizes TSC2-Deficient Cells to the Antimetabolite 6-Aminonicotinamide》. The research results were published in《Molecular Cancer Research》 in 2014.COA of Formula: C6H7N3O The article conveys some information:

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is hyperactive in many human cancers and in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Autophagy, a key mTORC1-targeted process, is a critical determinant of metabolic homeostasis. Metabolomic profiling was performed to elucidate the cellular consequences of autophagy dysregulation under conditions of hyperactive mTORC1. It was discovered that TSC2-null cells have distinctive autophagy-dependent pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) alterations. This was accompanied by enhanced glucose uptake and utilization, decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production Importantly, these findings revealed that the PPP is a key autophagy-dependent compensatory metabolic mechanism. Furthermore, PPP inhibition with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) in combination with autophagy inhibition suppressed proliferation and prompted the activation of NF-κB and CASP1 in TSC2-deficient, but not TSC2-proficient cells. These data demonstrate that TSC2-deficient cells can be therapeutically targeted, without mTORC1 inhibitors, by focusing on their metabolic vulnerabilities. Implications: This study provides proof-of-concept that therapeutic targeting of diseases with hyperactive mTORC1 can be achieved without the application of mTORC1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Res; 12(1); 48-57. ©2013 AACR. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)COA of Formula: C6H7N3O is a well-established inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Ki = 0.46 μM). 6-Aminonicotinamide also reduces cardiovascular oxidative injury following ischemia/reperfusion.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Huihui;Hao, Shilai;Chen, Zheng;O-Thong, Sompong;Fan, Jiajun;Clark, James;Luo, Gang;Zhang, Shicheng published 《Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of aqueous phase generated from hydrothermal liquefaction of cornstalk: Molecular and metabolic insights》. The research results were published in《Water Research》 in 2020.Recommanded Product: 6-Aminonicotinamide The article conveys some information:

The critical challenge of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for bio-oil production from biomass is the production of large amounts of aqueous products (HTL-AP) with high organic contents. The present study investigated the anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of HTL-AP under both thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, and mol. and metabolic anal. were conducted to provide insights into the different performances. The results showed that thermophilic AD had lower COD removal efficiency compared to mesophilic AD (45.0% vs. 61.6%). Liquid chromatog. coupled with organic carbon detection and organic nitrogen (LC-OCD-OND) anal. showed that both high mol. weight (HMW) and low mol. weight (LMW) compounds were degraded to some extent and more LMW acids (LMWA) and recalcitrant aromatic compounds were degraded in the mesophilic reactor, which was the main reason of higher COD removal efficiency. Ph compounds (e.g. phenol and 2 methoxyphenol), furans and pyrazines were the recalcitrant chems. detected through GC-MS anal. Fourier transform ion cyclone resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) anal. demonstrated the complexity of HTL-AP and the proportions of phenolic or condensed aromatic compounds increased especially in the thermophilic effluents. Metabolites anal. showed that the reasons contributing to the differences of mesophilic and thermophilic AD were not only related to the degradation of organic compounds (e.g. benzoate degradation via CoA ligation) in HTL-AP but also related to the microbial autogenesis (e.g. fatty acid biosynthesis) as well as the environmental information processing. In addition, the enrichment of Mesotoga, responsible for the high degradation efficiency of LMWA, and Pelolinea, involved in the degradation of Ph compounds, were found in mesophilic reactor, which was consistent with higher removal of corresponding organics To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Recommanded Product: 6-Aminonicotinamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme,6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Wenjuan;Liu, Dianwen;Feng, Qicheng published 《Enhancement of salicylhydroxamic acid adsorption by Pb(II) modified hemimorphite surfaces and its effect on floatability》 in 2020. The article was appeared in 《Minerals Engineering》. They have made some progress in their research.Application In Synthesis of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The article mentions the following:

Hemimorphite is an important zinc oxide mineral, but only a few studies have been conducted on the enhanced flotation recovery of hemimorphite with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) as the collector. In this study, the effect of Pb(II) on SHA adsorption on the hemimorphite surface with regard to its floatability was systematically studied. XPS anal. showed that the Pb species could interact with O sites on the hemimorphite surface, thus forming -Zn-O-Pb and -Si-O-Pb complexes on the mineral surface and exhibiting strong reactivity toward SHA. Zeta potential measurements indicated that Pb²⁺ and Pb(OH)⁺ adsorbed onto the hemimorphite surfaces via phys. and chem. adsorption within a pH range that was suitable for the flotation, further enhancing SHA adsorption on the activated mineral surface. Adsorption tests showed that more SHA adsorbed on the Pb-treated hemimorphite surface than on the untreated hemimorphite, and Pb-SHA complexes that were generated in the pulp solution could also adsorb on the surface of hemimorphite. Micro-flotation tests confirmed that the floatability of hemimorphite significantly increased after treatment with Pb(II) ions when SHA was used as the collector. Thus, this paper proposes a promising method of improving the flotation recovery of hemimorphite through via surface modification with Pb(II) ions. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is widely used for a variety of roles in biology and medicine as a chelating therapy.Application In Synthesis of N,2-DihydroxybenzamideIt inhibits bacterial or fungi growth by interfering with iron uptake. It is also active as a inhibitor of enzyme involved in tumour growths.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 6-AminonicotinamideIn 2016, Arts, Rob J. W.;Novakovic, Boris;ter Horst, Rob;Carvalho, Agostinho;Bekkering, Siroon;Lachmandas, Ekta;Rodrigues, Fernando;Silvestre, Ricardo;Cheng, Shih-Chin;Wang, Shuang-Yin;Habibi, Ehsan;Goncalves, Luis G.;Mesquita, Ines;Cunha, Cristina;van Laarhoven, Arjan;van de Veerdonk, Frank L.;Williams, David L.;van der Meer, Jos W. M.;Logie, Colin;O’Neill, Luke A.;Dinarello, Charles A.;Riksen, Niels P.;van Crevel, Reinout;Clish, Clary;Notebaart, Richard A.;Joosten, Leo A. B.;Stunnenberg, Hendrik G.;Xavier, Ramnik J.;Netea, Mihai G. published 《Glutaminolysis and Fumarate Accumulation Integrate Immunometabolic and Epigenetic Programs in Trained Immunity》. 《Cell Metabolism》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Induction of trained immunity (innate immune memory) is mediated by activation of immune and metabolic pathways that result in epigenetic rewiring of cellular functional programs. Through network-level integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data, we identify glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the cholesterol synthesis pathway as indispensable for the induction of trained immunity by β-glucan in monocytes. Accumulation of fumarate, due to glutamine replenishment of the TCA cycle, integrates immune and metabolic circuits to induce monocyte epigenetic reprogramming by inhibiting KDM5 histone demethylases. Furthermore, fumarate itself induced an epigenetic program similar to β-glucan-induced trained immunity. In line with this, inhibition of glutaminolysis and cholesterol synthesis in mice reduced the induction of trained immunity by β-glucan. Identification of the metabolic pathways leading to induction of trained immunity contributes to our understanding of innate immune memory and opens new therapeutic avenues.6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Recommanded Product: 6-Aminonicotinamide is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Zi;Lu, Dongdong;Xie, Hangqing;Yang, Xiaolei;Li, Yang;Bao, Chenhao;Lei, Lei;Xu, Shiqing published 《Triplet Exciton Enhanced Radioluminescence of Ga³⁺/Tb³⁺ Metallacrown Scintillators for X-Ray Detection》. The research results were published in《Advanced Optical Materials》 in 2022.Recommanded Product: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The article conveys some information:

The increasing demand for radiation detection in many applications has led to demanding requirements for scintillators. Realizing low-dose, pollution-free, and reliable X-ray detection has become a key tech. challenge. Here, a triplet-enhanced lanthanide radioluminescence (RL) material Ga³⁺/Tb³⁺ metallacrowns (Tb-1) is reported. This Tb-1 crystal emits bright green luminescence under UV light or X-ray excitation, and the emission intensity is 286 and 242 times that of Tb³⁺ in inorganic salt, resp. Tb-1 crystal is further passivated by trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and the enhanced RL intensity is equivalent to that of com. Tl-doped cesium iodide scintillator. In addition, RL of Tb-1-TOPO has an extremely narrow full width at half maximum and an excellent linear response to the X-ray dose rate. The detection limit is calculated to be 0.146μGy s^-1, which is 38 times lower than typical medical imaging doses. Triplet-enhanced lanthanide RL provides new ideas for replacing scintillators that require high temperature synthesis processes such as inorganic phosphors and ceramics, and provides a new alternative scintillator material for flexible X-ray monitoring, bioimaging, radiotherapy, and other applications. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is widely used for a variety of roles in biology and medicine as a chelating therapy.Recommanded Product: N,2-DihydroxybenzamideIt inhibits bacterial or fungi growth by interfering with iron uptake. It is also active as a inhibitor of enzyme involved in tumour growths.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electric Literature of C6H7N3O《Metabolic interaction of hydrogen peroxide and hypoxia in zebrafish fibroblasts》 was published in 2020. The authors were Dikova, Valentina;Vorhauser, Julia;Geng, Anne;Pelster, Bernd;Sandbichler, Adolf Michael, and the article was included in《Free Radical Biology & Medicine》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Cells require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, which may also result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct. Under low oxygen conditions, ROS formation has been reported to either increase or decrease. We addressed this physiol. response for the first time in zebrafish embryonic fibroblasts (Z3) and used a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-specific fluorescent protein (roGFP2-Orp1) either targeted to the mitochondria or expressed in the cytosol. Microfluidic live-cell imaging measurements showed that oxygen deprivation in Z3 cells results in decreased or stable H₂O₂ levels within the mitochondria or the cytosol, resp., and that the reductive shift recorded in the mitochondrial matrix is directly dependent on oxygen concentration The response was accompanied by a transient increase in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and a lower cellular reducing potential as assessed by the viability stain alamarBlue. Complex I and III inhibition with Rotenone and Antimycin A led to H₂O₂ production under normoxia but these inhibitors were not able to avert the reductive shift under hypoxia. Only by system-wide inhibition of flavin-containing oxidases with Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were we able to decrease the reductive shift, while selective inhibition of NADPH oxidases with the inhibitor Apocynin had no effect on the hypoxia response. Since DPI also led to a strong increase in ECAR we found that, in order to keep the cytosolic H₂O₂ levels stable, glycolytic metabolism was of fundamental importance. According to our experiments with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor 6-Aminonicotinamide, this was attributable to the pentose phosphate pathway producing reducing equivalent required for ROS degradation The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Electric Literature of C6H7N3O is an aminopyridine, which is a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADP production.It can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of 6-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with potential application as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Yu-Hua;Yu, You-Zhu;Shen, Yan-Hong;Yang, Li-Guo;Liu, Na-Na;Zhou, Zhong-Yuan;Niu, Yong-Sheng published 《”Three-in-One” Structural-Building-Mode-Based Ti₁₆-Type Titanium Oxo Cluster Entirely Protected by the Ligands Benzoate and Salicylhydroxamate》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Inorganic Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 89-73-6 The article mentions the following:

Titanium oxo clusters (TOCs) with accurate mol. structures have potential applications in photocatalysis, such as photocatalytic degradation, hydrogen production, and water oxidation The hydrolytic stability and light absorption ability of TOCs have important impacts on photocatalysis, where the selection of peripheral organic ligands plays a significant role. In this regard, salicylhydroxamic acid (abbreviated as H₃L) attracts our attention, acting as a ligand for its multidentate and dye-functional features, which can increase the hydrolytic stability and broaden light absorption for TOCs. Herein, two TOCs were solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized using H₃L, formulated as [Ti₈(μ₂-O)₂(μ₃-O)₂(OⁱPr)₁₂(L)₄]·2CH₃CN (1) and [Ti₁₆(μ₂-O)₁₀(μ₃-O)₄(PhCOO)₁₄(L)₆(HL)₂]·4CH₃CN·2ⁱPrOH (2). Complex 2 was obtained by adding excessive benzoic acid over the reaction system of 1, resulting in enhanced hydrolytic stability via the replacement of all alkoxy ligands by multidentate ligands for protection. Interestingly, for the first time, the “three-in-one” structural building mode with {Ti₆} + {Ti₄} + {Ti₆} by the common subunits in 2 was observed among all reported TOCs. Moreover, complex 2 can strongly absorb visible light reaching up to 700 nm and exhibit obvious activity for the photodegradation of methyl orange. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) has also been shown to be active against wild-type strains of Candida glabrata, but not against resistant mutants. Product Details of 89-73-6 This drug may have therapeutic potential for bone cancer and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Le Coz, Florian;Suzuki, Noriyuki;Nagahori, Hirohisa;Omori, Takashi;Saito, Koichi published 《Hand1-Luc embryonic stem cell test (Hand1-Luc EST): a novel rapid and highly reproduciblein vitro test for embryotoxicity by measuring cytotoxicity and differentiation toxicity using engineered mouse ES cells》 in 2015. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Toxicological Sciences》. They have made some progress in their research.Application In Synthesis of 6-Aminonicotinamide The article mentions the following:

The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is a promising alternative method for evaluating embryotoxicity of test chems. by measuring cytotoxicity and differentiation toxicity using mouse ES cells. Differentiation toxicity is analyzed by microscopically counting the beating of embryonic bodies after 10 days of culture. However, improvements are necessary to reduce the laborious manipulations involved and the time required to obtain results. We have previously reported the successful stable transfection of ES cells (ES-D3) with the heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 1 (Hand1) gene and the establishment of a 96-well multi-plate-based new EST with luciferase reporter assay 6 days after treatment with test chems. Now, we propose an even more rapid and easier EST, named Hand1-Luc EST. We established another cell line to monitor the Hand1 gene expression via a luciferase reporter gene. By mRNA anal. and luciferase assay, we examined in detail the luciferase activity during cell differentiation, which allowed us to reduce the time of measurement from day 6 to day 5 (120 h). Furthermore, the protocol was improved, with, among others, the measurement of cytotoxicity and differentiation toxicity taking place in the same 96-well round bottom plate instead of two different plates. With the pos. control, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 9 test chems., data with high reproducibility and very low variation (CV < 50%) in the relevant endpoints were obtained. This study shows that the Hand1-Luc EST could provide an accurate and sensitive short-term test for prediction of embryotoxicants by measuring cytotoxicity and differentiation toxicity from the same sample. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Application In Synthesis of 6-Aminonicotinamide is an inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, PGD (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). Studies have also shown that 6-aminonicotinamide induces apoptosis in tumor cells and causes glial cell degeneration.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Siguang;Zhou, Xinpeng;Jahan, Mohammad Shah;Guo, Shirong;Tian, Mimi;Zhou, Ranran;Liu, Hongyun;Feng, Bingjie;Shu, Sheng published 《Putrescine regulates stomatal opening of cucumber leaves under salt stress via the H₂O₂-mediated signaling pathway》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France)》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 89-73-6 The article mentions the following:

The stomatal aperture is imperative for photosynthesis in higher plants. The function of polyamines (PAs) in stomatal regulation under a stressful environment has not been fully determined In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism by which putrescine (Put) regulates stomatal changes in cucumber leaves under salt stress. The results showed that foliar application of Put alleviated the decrease of stomatal aperture and photosynthesis caused by salt stress and promoted plant growth. Exogenous Put caused a significant increase in endogenous PAs and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels by 105.43% and 27.97%, resp., while decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content by 67.68% under salt stress. However, application of inhibitors of aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), 1, 8-diaminooctane (1, 8-DO), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) upregulated the 9-cis-cyclocarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene and downregulated the reduced glutathione synthetase (GSHS) gene. These inhibitors also decreased the stomatal aperture, levels of H₂O₂ and reduced glutathione (GSH), but increased the ABA content under salt stress and Put treatment conditions. The order of influence is AG > 1, 8-DO > DPI > SHAM. However, Put-induced downregulation of ABA content and upregulation of GSH content under salt stress were effectively blocked by N, N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H₂O₂ scavenger) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB, GSH scavenger) treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that Put induced the formation of H₂O₂ signaling mediates the degradation of PAs by diamine oxidase (DAO), increasing GSH content and inhibiting the accumulation of ABA in leaves, thereby promoting stomatal opening in salt-stressed cucumber leaves.N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.SDS of cas: 89-73-6

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics