Tag: 100-200

《Synthesis of novel pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using palladium-catalysed C-N cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions》 was published in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) in 2020. These research results belong to Changunda, Charles R. K.; Rousseau, Amanda L.; Basson, Adriaan E.; Bode, Moira L.. Electric Literature of C6H4Cl2N2O The article mentions the following:

Palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions are used in the successful construction of a small library of flexible heteroatom-linked diarylpyridine target compounds I (R = H, cyano, cyclopropylamino; R1 = cyano, aminocarbonyl, cyclopropylamino; R2 = 4-chlorophenoxy, 2-cyano-5-methylphenyl, cyclohexylamino), including pyridines bearing a secondary amide substituent. Heteroatom-linked diarylpyrimidine derivatives II (R3 = 4-Cl, 2,4-Cl2, 3,5-Cl2, 4-F, 3-CF3; R4 = 5-methylpyridin-2-yl, 5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl, 2-cyano-5-methylphenyl) bearing a chlorine substituent are prepared by base-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions without the need for palladium catalysis.2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0Electric Literature of C6H4Cl2N2O) was used in this study.

2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0) belongs to anime. Examples of direct uses of amines and their salts are as corrosion inhibitors in boilers and in lubricating oils (morpholine), as antioxidants for rubber and roofing asphalt (diarylamines), as stabilizers for cellulose nitrate explosives (diphenylamine), as protectants against damage from gamma radiation (diarylamines), as developers in photography (aromatic diamines), as flotation agents in mining, as anticling and waterproofing agents for textiles, as fabric softeners, in paper coating, and for solubilizing herbicides.Electric Literature of C6H4Cl2N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 2-BromoacetamideIn 2019 ,《Solid-phase synthesis of a novel phalloidin analog with on-bead and off-bead actin-binding activity》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom). The article was written by Blanc, Antoine; Todorovic, Mihajlo; Perrin, David M.. The article contains the following contents:

Specific effectors of actin polymerization have found use as dynamic probes of cellular morphol. that may be used to gauge cellular response to stimuli and drugs. Of various natural products that target actin, phalloidin is one of the most potent and selective inhibitors of actin depolymerization Phalloidin and related members of the phallotoxin family are macrocyclic heptapeptides bearing a characteristic and rigidifying transannular tryptathionine bridge. Here we describe a solid-phase synthesis of a new phalloidin analog as a prototype for library development with the potential for on- and off-bead screening. To validate our method, we labeled the phalloidin derivative with a fluorescent dye which stained actin in CHO cells. Furthermore, a bioassay was developed allowing actin polymerization on beads carrying a phalloidin derivative In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromoacetamide)

2-Bromoacetamide(cas: 683-57-8) can be used in preparation of (2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. It was aslo used as precursor to dehydropeptidase I inactivator.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromoacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Naccarato, Attilio; Tassone, Antonella; Martino, Maria; Elliani, Rosangela; Sprovieri, Francesca; Pirrone, Nicola; Tagarelli, Antonio published their research in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021. The article was titled 《An innovative green protocol for the quantification of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzosulfonamides in PM10 using microwave-assisted extraction coupled with solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry》.Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S The article contains the following contents:

Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) are chems. used in several industrial and household applications. Despite these compounds are emerging pollutants, there is still a lack of information about their presence in outdoor air samples. In this paper, we developed a new method for the quantification of BTHs, BTRs, and BSAs in airborne particulate matter (PM10). The extraction of fourteen analytes from PM10 was accomplished by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using an environmentally friendly mixture of water and ethanol. SPME was used to analyze the target compounds from the MAE extract by gas chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS/MS), eliminating addnl. sample clean-up steps. The best working conditions for MAE and SPME were examined multivariately by exptl. design techniques. The target compounds were quantified in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The proposed method was carefully validated, and the achieved results were satisfactory in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification (picograms per cubic meter), intra- and inter-day accuracy (81-118% and 82-114%, resp.), and precision (repeatability and reproducibility in the range 2.3-17% and 7.4-19%, resp.). The application in a real monitoring campaign showed that the developed protocol is a valuable and eco-friendly alternative to the methods proposed so far. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. Reaction with nitrous acid (HNO2), which functions as an acylating agent that is a source of the nitrosyl group (―NO), converts aliphatic primary amines to nitrogen and mixtures of alkenes and alcohols corresponding to the alkyl group in a complex process. This reaction has been used for analytical determination of primary amino groups in a procedure known as the Van Slyke method.Computed Properties of C7H9NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C10H14N2OOn June 7, 1999, Iwaki, Takehiko; Yasuhara, Akito; Sakamoto, Takao published an article in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry. The article was 《Novel synthetic strategy of carbolines via palladium-catalyzed amination and arylation reaction》. The article mentions the following:

The four parent carbolines I-IV and their C-5 or C-9 methylsulfonyl derivatives were prepared by Pd-catalyzed intramol. arylation reaction of ortho-bromo-substituted anilinopyridines which were prepared by Pd-catalyzed amination of iodobenzenes with aminopyridines. Carbazole and its C-9 methylsulfonyl derivative were also prepared by the same method. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2,2-Dimehtyl-N-pyridin-3-yl-propionamide(cas: 70298-88-3COA of Formula: C10H14N2O)

2,2-Dimehtyl-N-pyridin-3-yl-propionamide(cas: 70298-88-3) belongs to anime.Typically the presence of an amine functional group is deduced by a combination of techniques, including mass spectrometry as well as NMR and IR spectroscopies. 1H NMR signals for amines disappear upon treatment of the sample with D2O. In their infrared spectrum primary amines exhibit two N-H bands, whereas secondary amines exhibit only one.COA of Formula: C10H14N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Crystal structure of 2,2-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl)propanamide》 was written by El-Hiti, Gamal A.; Smith, Keith; Hegazy, Amany S.; Alanazi, Saud A.; Kariuki, Benson M.. Application of 70298-88-3 And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications on April 30 ,2015. The article conveys some information:

In the title compound, C10H14N2O, the pyridine ring is inclined to the mean plane of the amide moiety [N-C(=O)C] by 17.60 (8)°. There is an intramol. C-H···O hydrogen bond present involving the carbonyl O atom. In the crystal, mols. are linked via N-H···N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100]. The tert-Bu group is disordered over two sets of sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.758 (12):0.242 (12). After reading the article, we found that the author used 2,2-Dimehtyl-N-pyridin-3-yl-propionamide(cas: 70298-88-3Application of 70298-88-3)

2,2-Dimehtyl-N-pyridin-3-yl-propionamide(cas: 70298-88-3) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.Application of 70298-88-3

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Wen, Juan Liang; Wen, Xin Wu; Lu, Zhen; Yun, Feng Bai; Feng, Feng; Wei, Jun Jin published an article in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. The title of the article was 《Stimulus responsive luminescence and application of rotor type 1,1′-([2,2′-bithiophene]-3,3′-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) and 3′-acetyl-[2,2′-bithiophene]-3-carbaldehyde as molecular rotors》.Safety of N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide The author mentioned the following in the article:

Two dithiophene aldehyde/ketone derivatives are designed as luminescence mol. rotors, i.e., 1,1′-([2,2′-bithiophene]-3,3′-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) (BTBE) and 3′-acetyl-[2,2′-bithiophene]-3-carbaldehyde (BTAC). Their absorption and luminescence properties, as well as the stimulus responsive luminescence characteristics of water spikes are studied in detail. In order to further explore relationship of luminescence and mol. structure, three reference compounds are also synthesized, named 1-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)ethanone (MTE), 2-methylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde (MTC) and 4H-cyclohepta[1,2-b:7,6-b’]dithiophen-4-one (CDTO). BTBE and BTAC have two obvious absorption bands in the short wavelength region with peak wavelengths of about 212 nm and 260 nm, resp., while there is a weak trailing type absorption band in the range of about 300-400 nm. Their fluorescence spectra show two luminescence bands in the range of 280-350 nm and 400-600 nm, resp., and the latter is stronger. Compared with the absorption and luminescence spectra of the reference compounds, it is determined that two absorption bands of BTBE and BTAC in shorter wavelength region are derived from the single thiophene ring carbonyl planar unit, while the absorption band in longer region are derived from the integrated structure of dithiophene carbonyl. The fluorescence bands with peaks of about 300 nm and 470 nm originate resp. from the localized F-C vertical excited states (LE), i.e., the excited state from single planar thienyl-carbonyl unit, and integrated excited state (IE), i.e., the excited state from integrated di-thienyl-carbonyl rings linked covalently with less dihedral angle and greater degree of conjugation at excited state. The crystal structure data show that two thiophene rings possess larger dihedral angles in crystal states, 86.9° for BTBE and 60.8° for BTAC, resp. However, theor. calculation results prove the conformational stabilization energy changes little, less than 1.5 kcal/mol, as dihedral angle changes from 50° to 100°. Hydrogen bonding is sufficient to overcome the energy required for this conformational change. Therefore, both BTBE and BTAC can produce water stimulation response luminescence behavior. This stimulating response behavior of BTBE and BTAC can be applied to the preparation of water writable film materials.N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1Safety of N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide) was used in this study.

N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1) belongs to anime. Halogenation, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amine is replaced by a halogen atom, occurs with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as with some other reagents, notably hypochlorous acid (HClO). With primary amines the reaction proceeds in two stages, producing N-chloro- and N,N-dichloro-amines, RNHCl and RNCl2, respectively. With tertiary amines, an alkyl group may be displaced by a halogen.Safety of N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Friedrich, Erik; Heinrich, Timo; Rosenberger, Lara; Krier, Mireille; Marek, Stephanie; Reggelin, Michael published an article in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications. The title of the article was 《Synthesis and crystal structure of rac-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl 4-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-(triisopropylsilyl)benzenesulfondiimidoate: the first member of a new substance class》.COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S The author mentioned the following in the article:

The title compound {systematic name: rac-2-[7-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(phenylimino)-6,6-bis(propan-2-yl)-3-oxa-4λ6-thia-5-aza-6-silaoct-4-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione}, C32H41N3O3SSi, was synthesized by desoxychlorination of 4-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-(triisopropylsilyl)benzenesulfonimidamide and subsequent reaction with 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione. The racemic compound was crystallized from isopropanol. The structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed two double-bonded nitrogen atoms to the central sulfur atom and an overall crystal packing driven by its aromatic interactions. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S)

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide(cas: 70-55-3) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.COA of Formula: C7H9NO2S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Uebler, Jacob W.; LaDuca, Robert L. published an article in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online. The title of the article was 《Diaquabis[N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide-κN]bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)》.Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O The author mentioned the following in the article:

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C11H9N3O)2(H2O)2], the octahedrally coordinated CoII ion lies on a crystallog. inversion center and is bound by two isothiocyanate ligands, two aqua ligands and two N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide (4-pina) ligands. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings in the 4-pina ligand is 8.98(11)°. In the crystal, the individual mol. units are aggregated in three dimensions by O-H···N, O-H···S, and N-H···S hydrogen bonds. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of N-(Pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide(cas: 64479-78-3Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O)

N-(Pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide(cas: 64479-78-3) belongs to amides.Synthetic Route of C11H9N3O The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds.

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Nicotinamide and structurally related compounds show halting activity against zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides》 was written by Shimai, Takashi; Islam, Tofazzal Md.; Fukushi, Yukiharu; Hashidoko, Yasuyuki; Yokosawa, Ryozo; Tahara, Satoshi. HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0 And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences on April 30 ,2002. The article conveys some information:

In a survey of plant secondary metabolites regulating the behavior of phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores, we found that leaf extracts of Amaranthus gangeticus and cotyledon extracts of pea (Pisum sativum) remarkably halted the motility of zoospores. Bioassay-directed fractionation of A. gangeticus and pea constituents revealed that the halting activity was dependent on a single chem. factor (halting factor). The active principle was identified as nicotinamide (1) by comparing its biol. activity and spectroscopic properties with those of the authentic compound Nicotinamide (1) showed potent halting activity toward the zoospores of A. cochlioides and A. euteiches, but it exhibited very less activity against other Oomycetes, Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora infestans zoospores. Interestingly, the zoospores halted by nicotinamide (1) encysted within 10-15 min and then the resulting cystospores regenerated zoospores instead of germination. Nicotinamide (1) and related compounds were subjected to the halting activity bioassay to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. These bioassays revealed that part structures of (A) the aromatic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, (B) carbonyl-like group adjacent to the aromatic ring and (C) hydrogen atoms on the amide group are responsible for the strong activity. So far, this is the first report of halting activity of nicotinamide (1) against fungal zoospores. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0)

2,6-Dichloroisonicotinamide(cas: 89281-13-0) belongs to anime. Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines.HPLC of Formula: 89281-13-0

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) included an article by Sukhvir, Sukhvir; Kocher, G. S.. HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1. The article was titled 《Development of apple wine from Golden Delicious cultivar using a local yeast isolate》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The present study was conducted to optimize fermentation parameters for apple wine production using Golden Delicious apples. Physicochem. anal. of the cultivar revealed a °Brix-acid ratio of 24.61 with ample amount of total and reducing sugars (9.6 and 6.03% w/v); making it a suitable substrate to produce ethanol. Microbiol. anal. lead to isolation of a yeast strain (namely A2) which was molecularly identified and accessed at GenBank as S. cerevisiae KY069279. Ethanol fermentation optimization using response surface methodol. revealed that a temperature of 20 °C, an inoculum size of 7.08 (%volume/volume) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate supplementation @ 154.4 mg/100 mL as optimum for apple wine production which lead to 10.73% (volume/volume) ethanol production with a desirability of 86.9%. Fresh wine having malic acid content of 1.87 (mg/100 mL) was subjected to malolactic fermentation (MLF) for 8 days using Leuconostoc oenos NCIM 2219 resulting in apple wine having 0.4 (mg/100 mL) malic acid. Sensory anal. of MLF and non-MLF apple wines categorised them as superior quality with average scores of 69.5 and 74.5, resp. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometric anal. of apple wine revealed the presence of 38 volatile compounds including higher alcs., acids, esters etc. The study thus revealed a process for apple wine preparation using an indigenous yeast and also optimized and compared malolactic and non-malolactic fermented ciders. In addition to this study using N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide, there are many other studies that have used N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1) was used in this study.

N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide(cas: 78191-00-1) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.HPLC of Formula: 78191-00-1

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics