Amides-buliding-blocks

Formation and cytotoxicity of halophenylacetamides: New group of nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts in drinking water was written by Hu, Shaoyang;Kaw, Han Yeong;Zhu, Lizhong;Wang, Wei. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide This article mentions the following:

Nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have received considerable attention recently owing to their relatively high toxicity. In this study, a new group of nitrogenous aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts, halophenylacetamides (HPAcAms), were successfully identified for the first time in both the laboratory experiments and realistic drinking water. The formation mechanism of HPAcAms during chlorination of phenylalanine in the presence of Br^– and I^–, occurrence frequencies, and concentrations in authentic drinking water were investigated, and a quant. structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed based on the acquired cytotoxicity data. The results demonstrated that HPAcAms could be formed from phenylalanine in chlorination via electrophilic substitution, decarboxylation, hydrochloric acid elimination, and hydrolysis. The HPAcAm yields from phenylalanine were significantly affected by contact time, pH, chlorine dose, and temperature Nine HPAcAms with concentrations in the range of 0.02-1.54 ng/L were detected in authentic drinking water samples. Most tested HPAcAms showed significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with dichloroacetamide, which is the most abundant aliphatic haloacetamide DBP. The QSAR model demonstrated that the cellular uptake efficiency and the polarized distributions of electrons of HPAcAms play essential roles in their cytotoxicity mechanisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide (cas: 10268-06-1Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide).

2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide (cas: 10268-06-1) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A semi-quantitative approach for analyzing low-volatile organic compounds in house dust using an SFE method: Significant common features and particular differences of the extracts was written by Papadopoulos, Athanasios;Vlachogiannis, Diamando;Maggos, Thomas;Sfetsos, Athanasios;Karayiannis, Miltiades I.. And the article was included in Journal of Supercritical Fluids in 2013.Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) This article mentions the following:

A number of samples have been collected from various indoor environments located in a semi-rural area in north-western Italy, for extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) and anal. of low volatility organic compounds on house dust. The investigation was based on a survey anal. approach aiming at the identification of the organic content of indoor dust. The quantification of the content of the compounds was obtained with a semi-quant. method, incorporating three pre-defined concentration ranges. The classes of compounds, mostly detected in the indoor dust samples analyzed, were fatty acids and some of their esters, n-alkanes, phthalates and alcs. Other less frequently found classes were other esters, phenols, aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. The compounds that were identified in all or in most of the house dust samples appeared predominantly in high concentration ranges while compounds detected scarcely were measured mainly in low concentrations The exptl. study verified that the most important emission sources for the organic compounds detected in the indoor environment were a wide variety of plastic materials and human activities (e.g., cooking). Particular features of some extracts were attributed to specific actions that took place in the house prior or during sampling, and/or to the materials used in the house construction or heating methods. Among the compounds identified as prominent in the house dust samples were the phthalates, of major interest with regard to their impact on human health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of α,δ-Disubstituted Tetraphosphates and Terminally-Functionalized Nucleoside Pentaphosphates was written by Shepard, Scott M.;Kim, Hyehwang;Bang, Qing Xin;Alhokbany, Norah;Cummins, Christopher C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Formula: C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

The anion [P₄O₁₁]^2-, employed as its bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium (PPN) salt, is shown herein to be a versatile reagent for nucleophile tetraphosphorylation. Treatment under anhydrous conditions with an alkylamine base and a nucleophile (HNuc¹), such as an alc. (neopentanol, cyclohexanol, 4-methylumbelliferone, and Boc-Tyr-OMe), an amine (propargylamine, diethylamine, morpholine, 3,5-dimethylaniline, and isopropylamine), dihydrogen phosphate, phenylphosphonate, azide ion, or methylidene triphenylphosphorane, results in nucleophile substituted tetrametaphosphates ([P₄O₁₁Nuc¹]^3-) as mixed PPN and alkylammonium salts in 59% to 99% yield. Treatment of the resulting functionalized tetrametaphosphates with a second nucleophile (HNuc²), such as hydroxide, a phenol (4-methylumbelliferone), an amine (propargylamine and ethanolamine), fluoride, or a nucleoside monophosphate (uridine monophosphate, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate), results in ring opening to linear tetraphosphates bearing one nucleophile on each end ([Nuc¹(PO₃)₃PO₂Nuc²]^4-). When necessary, these linear tetraphosphates are purified by reverse phase or anion exchange HPLC, yielding triethylammonium or ammonium salts in 32% to 92% yield from [PPN]₂[P₄O₁₁]. Phosphorylation of methylidene triphenylphosphorane as Nuc¹ yields a new tetrametaphosphate-based ylide ([Ph₃PCHP₄O₁₁]^3-, 94% yield). Wittig olefination of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-deoxy-5′-uridylaldehyde using this ylide results in a 3′-deoxy-3′,4′-didehydronucleotide derivative, isolated as the triethylammonium salt in 54% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Formula: C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Formula: C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium/Norbornene Chemistry in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines with Simple Nitrogen Sources was written by Ghasemi, Mehran;Jafarpour, Farnaz;Habibi, Azizollah. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

An efficient procedure has been developed to synthesize indoline derivatives, e.g., I, through a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction/C-H activation/dual amination cascade in one pot. This constitutes the first intermol. catalytic approach to directly access N-alkylindolines with a broad substrate scope in the absence of any ligands. This method highlights the use of readily available amines and ureas as the required nitrogen sources in building up the indoline core. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Surveillance for substandard and falsified medicines by local faith-based organizations in 13 low- and middle-income countries using the GPHF Minilab was written by Gnegel, Gesa;Haefele-Abah, Christine;Neci, Richard;Difaem-EPN Minilab Network;Heide, Lutz. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Product Details of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

This study evaluates the use of the Global Pharma Health Fund (GPHF) Minilab for medicine quality screening by 16 faith-based drug supply organizations located in 13 low- and middle-income countries. The study period included the year before the COVID-19 pandemic (2019) and the first year of the pandemic (2020). In total 1,919 medicine samples were screened using the GPHF Minilab, and samples showing serious quality deficiencies were subjected to compendial anal. in fully equipped laboratories Thirty-four (1.8%) of the samples were found not to contain the declared active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), or less than 50% of the declared API, or undeclared APIs, and probably represented falsified products. Fifty-four (2.8%) of the samples were reported as substandard, although the true number of substandard medicines may have been higher due to the limited sensitivity of the GPHF Minilab. The number of probably falsified products increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially due to falsified preparations of chloroquine; chloroquine had been incorrectly advocated as treatment for COVID-19. The reports from this project resulted in four international WHO Medical Product Alerts and several national alerts. Within this project, the costs for GPHF Minilab anal. resulted as 25.85 euro per sample. Medicine quality screening with the GPHF Minilab is a cost-effective way to contribute to the global surveillance for substandard and falsified medical products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Product Details of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Product Details of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and nematicidal activities of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole against Meloidogyne incognita was written by Zhang, Ruifeng;Guo, Wei;Wang, Gaolei;Chen, Xiulei;Li, Zhong;Xu, Xiaoyong. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Based on the characteristic of benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole to induce the systemic acquired resistance and improve the immunity of plants, benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole was introduced into 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one, thirty-one novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole were designed and synthesized. Nematicidal activity showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited great inhibitory activity in vivo against Meloidogyne incognita at 20 mg/L. Among 31 tested compounds, I and II showed an excellent nematicidal activity with the inhibition rate of 50.4% and 53.1% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L, resp. The influence of substituent type and position was studied. The relation between structure and activity was also preliminary analyzed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structurally Diverse Synthesis of Five-, Six- and Seven-membered Benzosultams through Electrochemical Cyclization was written by Liu, Aiyun;Guo, Tiantian;Zhang, Shuangshuang;Yang, Han;Zhang, Qi;Chai, Yonghai;Zhang, Shengyong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.Quality Control of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

A metal- and oxidant-free approach to structurally diverse synthesis of benzosultams I (R¹ = i-Pr, t-Bu, Me; R² = H, 8-Ph, 7,9-di-Me, 9-F, etc.), II (R³ = H, Me) and III (R⁴ = H, 4-Cl, 5-Me, 6-Me, etc.) from aryl sulfonamides R¹C₆H₃S(O)₂R⁵ (R⁵ = H, 4-Me, 3-Cl, 6-Cl, etc.) through an electrochem. cyclization was developed. By varying the ortho-substituent on aryl sulfonamides, five-, six-, and seven-membered benzosultams I, II and III were efficiently assembled in an atom- and resource-economic manner. The generality of the process is demonstrated by the formation of five to seven-membered cyclic products from substrates bearing substituents R¹C₆H₃S(O)₂R⁵ with different electronic effects and steric hindrance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Quality Control of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Quality Control of N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Prior anti-CAFs break down the CAFs barrier and improve accumulation of docetaxel micelles in tumor was written by Pang, Ning;Li, Ji;Sun, Aning;Yang, Zhenzhen;Cheng, Shixuan;Qi, Xian-Rong. And the article was included in International Journal of Nanomedicine in 2018.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Background: Abnormal expression of stromal cells and extracellular matrix in tumor stroma creates a tight barrier, leading to insufficient extravasation and penetration of therapeutic agents. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) take on pivotal roles encouraging tumor progression. Method: To surmount the refractoriness of stroma, we constructed a multi-targeting combined scenario of anti-CAFs agent tranilast and antitumor agent docetaxel micelles (DTX-Ms). Tranilast cut down crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells, ameliorated the tumor microenvironment, and enhanced the antiproliferation efficacy of DTX-Ms on cancer cells. Results: Diverse experiments demonstrated that tranilast enhanced DTX-Ms′ antitumor effect in a two-stage pattern by CAFs ablation, tumor cell migration blocking, and metastasis inhibition. Along with activated CAFs decreasing in vivo, the two-stage therapy succeeded in reducing interstitial fluid pressure, normalizing microvessels, improving micelles penetration and retention, and inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, tranilast alone failed to inhibit tumor growth in vivo, and it could only be used as an adjuvant medicine together with an antitumor agent. Conclusion: Our proposed two-stage therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance antitumor effects by breaking down CAFs barrier and increasing micellar delivery efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Product Details of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tranilast: a potential anti-Inflammatory and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor drug for COVID-19 was written by Saeedi-Boroujeni, Ali;Mahmoudian-Sani, Mohammad-Reza;Nashibi, Roohangiz;Houshmandfar, Sheyda;Tahmaseby Gandomkari, Sima;Khodadadi, Ali. And the article was included in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

SARS-CoV-2 is a type of beta-CoV that develops acute pneumonia, which is an inflammatory condition. A cytokine storm has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19. ALI and ARDS along with multiple organ failure have also been presented as the consequences of acute inflammation and cytokine storm. It has been previously confirmed that SARS-CoV, as another member of the beta-CoV family, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently develops acute inflammation in a variety of ways through having complex interactions with the host immune system using structural and nonstructural proteins. Numerous studies conducted on Tranilast have further demonstrated that the given drug can act as an effective anti-chemotactic factor on controlling inflammation, and thus, it can possibly help the improvement of the acute form of COVID-19 by inhibiting some key inflammation-associated transcription factors such as NF-κB and impeding NLRP3 inflammasome. Several studies have comparably revealed the direct effect of this drug on the prevention of inappropriate tissue’s remodeling; inhibition of neutrophils, IL-5, and eosinophils; repression of inflammatory cell infiltration into inflammation site; restriction of factors involved in acute airway inflammation like IL-33; and suppression of cytokine IL-13, which increase mucosal secretions. Therefore, Tranilast may be considered as a potential treatment for patients with the acute form of COVID-19 along with other drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Weinreb and MAP Aryl Amides via Pd-Catalyzed Heck Aminocarbonylation Using Mo(CO)6 or W(CO)6 was written by Wieckowska, Anna;Fransson, Rebecca;Odell, Luke R.;Larhed, Mats. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2011.Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2 This article mentions the following:

A simple and expedient process for the Heck aminocarbonylative synthesis of Weinreb and MAP amide acylating agents, from aryl halides, is reported. This methodol. utilizes solid sources of CO making it readily accessible to chemists working in small-scale laboratory applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Electric Literature of C10H10F3NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics