Amides-buliding-blocks

Aminoborohydrides. 3. A facile reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding amines and alcohols in high purity using lithium aminoborohydrides. Sterically controlled selective carbon-nitrogen or carbon-oxygen bond cleavage was written by Fisher, Gary B.;Fuller, Joseph C.;Harrison, John;Goralski, Christian T.;Singaram, Bakthan. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1993.Formula: C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

Lithium aminoborohydrides (LiABH₃), obtained by the reaction of n-BuLi with amine-boranes, are powerful reducing agents for the reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding amines or alcs. Lithium pyrrolidinoborohydride and lithium diisopropylaminoborohydride reduce both aliphatic and aromatic tertiary amides to give either the corresponding alc. or amine, depending on the steric requirement of the tertiary amide and the LiABH₃ used. The yields of amines and alcs. from this procedure range from very good to essentially quant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Formula: C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Formula: C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dual-curable isocyanate crosslinking agents blocked by methacrylate-functionalized pyrazoles with lower curing temperature was written by Kim, Soeun;Hong, Jun Ui;Ha, Miran;Noh, Seung Man. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2021.Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

To develop a polyurethane-based automotive clearcoat with a lower curing temperature, methacrylate-functionalized pyrazole derivatives were newly designed and synthesized as isocyanate blocking agents and their chem. structures were identified by ¹H NMR. These novel blocking agents were used to block the functional groups of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer (com. known as Desmodur N3300), and d. functional theory simulations were performed to predict the activation energy of the deblocking process and to determine the H-N distance in the pyrazole mols. The curing behavior of the blocked isocyanate with polyol resin at 110, 120, and 130°C was investigated using an oscillatory rheometer and a rigid-body pendulum tester. In addition, their results were compared with those for a com. available 3,5-di-Me pyrazole-blocked HDI trimer (Desmodur PL350). The thermal properties of the clearcoat films cured at 130°C were investigated using thermogravimetric anal., differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mech. anal., and the surface mech. properties of the cured films were evaluated using a nano-indentation tester. The novel pyrazole blocking agents contributed to lowering the deblocking temperature and enhancing the mech. properties via supplementary radical polymerization of deblocked methacrylate-functionalized pyrazoles, resulting in interpenetrating crosslinked polymer networks. This study provides a new concept of isocyanate blocking agents with lower deblocking temperatures and higher crosslinking densities, resulting in blocked isocyanates that can be used in various coating materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Name: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Continuous degradation of micropollutants in real world treated wastewaters by photooxidation in dynamic conditions was written by Brice, Reoyo-Prats;Anastasia, Sellier;Somar, Khaska;Corinne, Le Gal Lassalle;Karine, Weiss;Vincent, Goetz;Gael, Plantard. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

Wastewater is a major issue for the ecosystem because of its considerable quantities, the treatment methods adopted in the large majority of WWTPs, and its level of contamination by various types of pollutants, especially emerging ones. One of the solutions considered to reduce this pressure on water is the reuse of wastewater after treatment for watering green areas, road cleaning, industry, groundwater recharge but also for crop irrigation. This paper proposes to study the capabilities of a photoreactor for the removal of micropollutants contained in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants. The experiments are carried out under dynamic artificial irradiation conditions which can be controlled in order to apply irradiation representative of the sunshine conditions. The experiments aim at treating a real effluent from urban wastewater. On the basis of these data, the photo-oxidation mass capacities expressed per unit of irradiated surface and per day were evaluated. Our results show that the oxidation process acts in a selective and differentiated manner according to the categories of substances and within each category. Some mols. are not or only partially oxidized. Note that the photo-reactor fed continuously with wastewater from wastewater treatment plants containing about 80 substances, is subjected to a typical irradiation setpoint of a sunny day in Apr. This allows to define the instantaneous and daily capacities of the system with respect to the target mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Recommanded Product: 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

[Effect of tranilast on wound healing and administration time on scar hyperplasia of deep partial-thickness burn in mice]. was written by Hu, Zhenzhen;Chen, Bin;Li, Yang;Jiang, Wei;Wen, Lihong;Ji, Fukang;Yang, Xiao;Wang, Jinhuang;Liu, Dalie. And the article was included in Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery in 2017.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To investigate the effect of tranilast on wound healing and the mechanism of inhibiting scar hyperplasia in mice, and to study the relationship between the inhibiting ability of tranilast on scar hyperplasia and administration time. Methods: Sixty-six Kunming mice were selected to build deep II degree burn model, and were randomly divided into the control group (18 mice), the early intervention group (18 mice), the medium intervention group (18 mice), and the late intervention group (12 mice). The mice in the early intervention group, the medium-term intervention group, and the late intervention group were given tranilast 200 mg/(kg·d) by gastrogavage at immediate, 7 days, and 14 days after burn respectively, and the mice in the control group were managed with same amount of normal saline every day. The wound healing was observed regularly. At 14, 28, and 42 days in the early and medium intervention groups and at 28 and 42 days in the late intervention group, fresh tissues were taken from 6 mice to observe the shape of mast cells by toluidine blue staining, collagen content by Masson staining; the collagen type I and collagen type III content were measured to calculate the I/III collagen content ratio by immunohistochemistry method, the contents of transforming growth factor β ₁ (TGF-β ₁) and histamine were detected by ELISA; and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results: There was no significant difference in wound healing time between groups ( F=1.105, P=0.371). The mast cells number, collagen content, TGF-β ₁ content, histamine content, and the I/III collagen content ratio in the early intervention group were significantly less than those in the other groups ( P<0.05). Significant difference was found in mast cells number, collagen content, and histamine content between control group and medium or late intervention group at the other time points ( P<0.05) except between control group and late intervention group at 42 days ( P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the activity of fibroblasts in the early intervention group was obviously inhibited, and the arrangement of the fibers was more regular; the fibroblast activity in the medium and late intervention groups was also inhibited obviously. Conclusion: Tranilast has no obvious effect on the wound healing time in mice. Tranilast intervention shows the inhibitory effect on the scar hyperplasia which can significantly reduce the number of mast cells, the content of histamine and TGF-β ₁, inhibit the ability of fibroblasts synthetic collagen and adjust the proportion of collagen synthesis. The immediate tranilast intervention may have the best inhibitory effect on scar hyperplasia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Product Details of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of chidamide, a new histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was written by Yin, Zi-hui;Wu, Zhong-wen;Lan, YU-kun;Liao, Chen-zhong;Shan, Song;Li, Zhi-liang;Ning, Zhi-qiang;Lu, Xian-ping;Li, Zhi-bin. And the article was included in Zhongguo Xinyao Zazhi in 2004.Product Details of 119023-25-5 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To synthesize chidamide {N-(2-amino-5-fluorophenyl)-4-[N-(pyridin-3-ylacryloyl)aminomethyl]benzamide}, a new histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Methods: 3-Pyridineacrylic acid was prepared from 3-pyridine carboxaldehyde by Knoevenagel reaction, which was converted to the title compound by 2 steps of acetylation in the presence of N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole. Results: Chidamide was synthesized in a total yield of 29%. Conclusion: A gentle and easily controlled process for synthesis of chidamide is worked out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5Product Details of 119023-25-5).

2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Product Details of 119023-25-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization and biological studies of bis- and tera-acetyl derivatives of hydrocarbon-bridged diamines-I was written by Haque, Naheed;Hussain, Izhar. And the article was included in Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2013.Recommanded Product: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) This article mentions the following:

A systematic study of the pharmaceutically important, double ended, chelating agents of the types CH₃CONH(CH₂)_nNHCOCH₃ and (CH₃CO)₂N(CH₂)_n N(COCH₃)₂, where n = 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, prepared by the bis- and tetra-acetylation of the corresponding diamino-polymethylenes, have been carried out. Bis- and tetra-acetyl derivatives have been characterized by their elemental anal. and the FTIR spectra, Mass spectra and ¹H NMR spectra of these compounds have been reported to establish their structures. In the present work, FTIR spectra have been found an excellent means for distinguishing the bis-acetyl derivatives from their tetra-acetyl counterparts. The structures of these bis- and tetra-acetyl compounds have further been established by their ¹H NMR and Mass Spectra. The selective pharmacol. screening of the derivatives was carried out according to the standard procedures. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and it was found that majority of these compounds did not possess any remarkable activity. Only the compound BA1,2-DAE, showed significant antifungal activity against Microsporum canis (80%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Recommanded Product: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Combining Theoretical and Data-Driven Approaches To Predict Drug Substance Hydrate Formation was written by Tilbury, Carl J.;Chen, Jie;Mattei, Alessandra;Chen, Shuang;Sheikh, Ahmad Y.. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Hydrates represent a very significant fraction of pharmaceutical mol. crystals and can be leveraged to simplify downstream processing for formulations such as wet granulation and hot-melt extrusion. In silico methods to predict hydrate formation can guide exptl. screening and evaluate residual risk of selected forms. Both solution mixing thermodn. and relative propensities of hydrogen bond formation can be used for virtual screening. Our study assessed these techniques for a previously studied set of relatively simple drug compounds (average mol. weight 300) and a new set of more complex AbbVie-pipeline compounds (average mol. weight 550). Although solution thermodn. have been shown to successfully discriminate hydrate formation for the set of smaller drug mols., this technique did not provide successful screening for the more complex set of AbbVie compounds tested. A single-differential hydrogen bond propensity (SD-HBP) score, which accounts for only the strongest donor-acceptor pairing in both anhydrate and hydrate forms, also provides little utility. We therefore developed a multi-differential hydrogen bond propensity (MD-HBP) score that considers the competitive effect of multiple donor-acceptor interactions in each form. Addnl., the MD-HBP score utilizes COSMO-RS theory to predict solid-state conformations, to strengthen the data-driven anal. of the solid-state and ensure more accurate description of possible hydrogen bond networks in anhydrate and hydrate solid forms. This quant. MD-HBP score performed well at differentiating between hydrate-forming and non-hydrate-forming compounds for both sets of compounds; thus, it can be applied more broadly in solid form development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.HPLC of Formula: 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Repositioning of the Anthelmintic Drugs Bithionol and Triclabendazole as Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis Inhibitors was written by Yokoyama, Takeshi;Kashihara, Mirai;Mizuguchi, Mineyuki. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C18H17NO5 This article mentions the following:

Transthyretin (TTR) is a causative protein of TTR amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis), a general term for diseases characterized by deposition of TTR amyloid fibrils in specific organs. ATTR amyloidosis can be ameliorated by stabilization of the TTR tetramer through the binding of small mols. Here, we show that the clin. anthelmintic drugs bithionol (42) and triclabendazole (43) potently inhibit aggregation of the amyloidogenic variant V30M-TTR. A competitive binding assay using a fluorescence probe showed that the binding affinity of 42 with V30M-TTR was significantly higher than that of the first-in-class drug tafamidis (1), and the binding affinity of 43 was similar to that of 1. The crystallog. and thermodn. anal. revealed that 42 efficiently occupied the halogen-binding grooves of TTR, resulting in the favorable binding entropy. Multifaceted in vitro studies of anthelmintic drugs have the potential to reposition these drugs as ATTR amyloidosis inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Formula: C18H17NO5).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Formula: C18H17NO5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluoro-Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors was written by Colella, Marco;Tota, Arianna;Takahashi, Yusuke;Higuma, Ryosuke;Ishikawa, Susumu;Degennaro, Leonardo;Luisi, Renzo;Nagaki, Aiichiro. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Reference of 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

The external quenching method based on flow microreactors allows the generation and use of short-lived fluoro-substituted methyllithium reagents, such as fluoromethyllithium, fluoroiodomethyllithium, and fluoroiodostannylmethyllithium. Highly chemoselective reactions were developed, opening new opportunities in the synthesis of fluorinated mols. using fluorinated organometallics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Reference of 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Reference of 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Herbicides. IV. The synthesis of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile was written by Koopman, H.. And the article was included in Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas in 1961.Recommanded Product: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide This article mentions the following:

Four new methods were described for the synthesis of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (I). Method A: 2,6-Dichloroaniline was diazotized and the diazonium compound converted by the (Sandmeyer) reaction into 75% I when the Sandmeyer catalyst was buffered with NaHCO₃. Method B: 2,3-Dichloronitrobenzene was treated with CuCN and pyridine to give 75% 2-chloro-6-nitrobenzonitrile, 120-2° (MeOH), which was reduced with iron in concentrated HCl-MeOH to give 89% 2-amino-6-chloro-benzonitrile, m. 136-8° (benzene). Sandmeyer reaction there gave 79% I. Iron reduction and partial saponification 2-chloro-6-nitrobenzonitrile gave 41% 2-amino-6-chlorobenzamide, m. 130-1°. Method C: 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde and HONHSO₃Na gave 99% anti-2,6-dichlorobenzaldoxime, m. 175-6° (benzene), which was dehydrated by refluxing with Ac₂O to 95% I. To prove the anti structure both the anti- and the syn-2,6-dichlorobenzaldoxime acetate were prepared, m. 80-5° and 43-6°, resp. Method D: By vapor phase reaction, 2,6-dichlorotoluene, excess ammonia, air, and N at 360° on Al₂O₃V₂O₅-catalyst gave 50% I. I strongly inhibited the germination of seeds and the growth of young plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Recommanded Product: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Recommanded Product: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics