Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Analysis of factors affecting the performance of activated peroxide systems on bleaching of cotton fabric was written by Fei, Xiuzhu;Yao, Jinlong;Du, Jinmei;Sun, Chang;Xiang, Zhonglin;Xu, Changhai. And the article was included in Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) in 2015.Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

A screening experiment was designed to investigate the possible factors affecting the performance of activated peroxide systems (APSs) on bleaching of cotton fabric. The design of experiment comprised thirteen factors such as type of bleach activator (BA), concentration of bleach activator ([BA]), molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to bleach activator ([H₂O₂]:[BA]), type of peroxide stabilizer (PS), concentration of peroxide stabilizer ([PS]), type of wetting agent (WA), concentration of wetting agent ([WA]), pH value of bleach bath (pH), bleaching temperature (T), bleaching time (t), liquor-to-goods ratio, cotton substrate (C), and water quality (W). The bleaching performance of APSs was accessed by measuring the degree of whiteness of bleached cotton fabric which was defined as the response factor for statistical anal. The screening anal. revealed that C was the most significant factor affecting the performance of APSs on bleaching of cotton fabric, followed by T, BA, [BA], pH, PS, and [H₂O₂]:[BA]. Addnl., two-factor interactions were found as well between C and T, T and pH, C and BA, C and [BA], T and [BA], W and [PS], C and PS, and pH and [H₂O₂]:[BA]. These significant main effects and two-factor interactions were interpreted in details for a better understanding of the performance of APSs on bleaching of cotton fabric. The findings of this study are valuable for further establishment and optimization of APSs for low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabric. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phase-transfer-catalyzed N-alkylation of carboxamides and sulfonamides was written by Gajda, Tadeusz;Zwierzak, Andrzej. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1981.Application of 5339-69-5 This article mentions the following:

The conversion of PhCONH₂ to PhCONHR and PhCONR₂ (R = Et, Pr, Bu, Me₂CHCH₂, PhCH₂, Me₂CH) was catalyzed by Bu₄N⁺ HSO₄^– (I). A mixture of PhCONH₂, EtBr, NaOH, and I in C₆H₆ was refluxed to give PhCONHEt. Similarly prepared were EtCONHR¹ (R¹ = Et, Pr, Bu), PhSO₂N(R²)₂ (R² = Me, Et, Bu, PhCH₂, Me₂CH), and MeSO₂N(R³)₂ (R³ = Et, PhCH₂, Me₂CH). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5Application of 5339-69-5).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Application of 5339-69-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Binding of drugs to liposome-entrapped macromolecules prevents diffusion of drugs from liposomes in vitro and in vivo was written by Gregoriadis, Gregory;Davisson, Pamela J.;Scott, Susan. And the article was included in Biochemical Society Transactions in 1977.Computed Properties of C20H20N8Na2O5 This article mentions the following:

A technique is described to delay the diffusion of small-mol.-weight drugs from liposomes by binding the drugs to liposome-associated macromols. Melphalan [148-82-3] was bound to Na polyglutamate [26247-79-0] and incorporated into egg lecithin liposomes; after i.v. injection into rats, liposomal polyglutamate-bound melphalan was eliminated from the blood plasma at a much slower rate than free melphalan. Similar results were obtained for Na methotrexate [7413-34-5] bound to polyglutamate in egg lecithin liposomes, and for daunomycin [20830-81-3] bound to calf thymus DNA in egg lecithin liposomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Computed Properties of C20H20N8Na2O5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Computed Properties of C20H20N8Na2O5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Extracellular vimentin mimics VEGF and is a target for anti-angiogenic immunotherapy was written by van Beijnum, Judy R.;Huijbers, Elisabeth J. M.;van Loon, Karlijn;Blanas, Athanasios;Akbari, Parvin;Roos, Arno;Wong, Tse J.;Denisov, Stepan S.;Hackeng, Tilman M.;Jimenez, Connie R.;Nowak-Sliwinska, Patrycja;Griffioen, Arjan W.. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Formula: C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

Anti-angiogenic cancer therapies possess immune-stimulatory properties by counteracting pro-angiogenic mol. mechanisms. Author report that tumor endothelial cells ubiquitously overexpress and secrete the intermediate filament protein vimentin through type III unconventional secretion mechanisms. Extracellular vimentin is pro-angiogenic and functionally mimics VEGF action, while concomitantly acting as inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Antibody targeting of extracellular vimentin shows inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Effective and safe inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth in several preclin. and clin. studies is demonstrated using a vaccination strategy against extracellular vimentin. Targeting vimentin induces a pro-inflammatory condition in the tumor, exemplified by induction of the endothelial adhesion mol. ICAM1, suppression of PD-L1, and altered immune cell profiles. Author finding show that extracellular vimentin contributes to immune suppression and functions as a vascular immune checkpoint mol. Targeting of extracellular vimentin presents therefore an anti-angiogenic immunotherapy strategy against cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Formula: C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Formula: C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective κ-Opioid Agonists: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Piperidines Incorporating an Oxo-Containing Acyl Group was written by Giardina, Giuseppe;Clarke, Geoffrey D.;Dondio, Giulio;Petrone, Giuseppe;Sbacchi, Massimo;Vecchietti, Vittorio. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1994.Formula: C4H7NO This article mentions the following:

The (S)-(-)-enantiomers of a novel class of 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine derivatives were prepared and and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) studied using κ-opioid binding affinity and antinociceptive potency as the indexes of biol. activity. Compounds incorporating the 1-tetralon-6-ylacetyl residue I (R = Me, Et; R¹ = alkyl, cycloalkyl; RR¹N = pyrrolidino) demonstrated an in vivo antinociceptive activity greater than predicted on the basis of their κ-binding affinities. In particular, (2S)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-naphthyl)acetyl]piperidine (I, R = R¹ = Me) was found to have a potency similar to spiradoline in animal models of antinociception after s.c. administration, with ED₅₀s of 0.47 and 0.73 μmol/kg in the mouse and in the rat abdominal constriction tests, resp. Further in vivo studies in mice and/or rats revealed that compound I (R = R¹ = Me), compared to other selective κ-agonists, has a reduced propensity to cause a number of κ-related side effects, including locomotor impairment/sedation and diuresis, at antinociceptive doses. For example, it has an ED₅₀ of 26.5 μmol/kg s.c. in the rat rotarod model, exhibiting a ratio of locomotor impairment/sedation vs analgesia of I (R = R¹ = Et). Possible reasons for this differential activity and its clin. consequence are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5Formula: C4H7NO).

N-Cyclopropylformamide (cas: 58644-54-5) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Formula: C4H7NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tf₂O-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling of Secondary Amides with Enamines or Ketones: A Versatile and Direct Access to β-Enaminones was written by Liu, Yong-Peng;Zhu, Cheng-Jie;Yu, Cun-Cun;Wang, Ai-E.;Huang, Pei-Qiang. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Safety of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

Based on the Tf₂O-mediated intermol. reaction of secondary amides with enamines derived from ketones, a novel approach to β-enaminones was developed. The reaction is widely functional group tolerant and highly chemoselective. In the presence of 4 Å mol. sieves, the method can be extended to the one-pot condensation of secondary amides with ketones for NH β-enaminones synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Safety of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Safety of 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives as leukotriene A₄ hydrolase aminopeptidase inhibitors was written by Zhang, Fan;Wu, Dang;Wang, Gao-Lei;Hou, Shuang;Ping, Ou-Yang;Huang, Jin;Xu, Xiao-Yong. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2017.Formula: C7H7ClN2O This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives I [R = H, 6-O₂N, 7-Cl, etc.; X = (CH₂)_n; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory activities against leukotriene A4 hydrolase aminopeptidase in-vitro were evaluated. Many compounds showed moderate to good activities at the concentration of 10 μmol/L. Among them, compound I [R = 7-Cl; X = (CH₂)₄ (II)] exhibited the highest inhibitory activity up to 80.6% with an IC₅₀ of 1.30 ± 0.20 μmol/L. The compound II was also tested for the proliferation inhibitory activities in THP1 human AML cell line and its binding model with LTA4H enzyme by mol. docking was studied. It indicated that 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one was a promising scaffold for further study. The relationship between structure and inhibitory activity was also preliminarily discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Formula: C7H7ClN2O).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Formula: C7H7ClN2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Weinreb Amide Directed Versatile C-H Bond Functionalization under (η⁵-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) Catalysis was written by Kawai, Kentaro;Bunno, Youka;Yoshino, Tatsuhiko;Matsunaga, Shigeki. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2018.Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

The (η⁵-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) (Cp*Co^III)-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of aromatic, heteroaromatic and α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides was explored. The C-H allylation using allyl carbonate and a perfluoroalkene/oxidative alkenylation with Et acrylate/iodination using N-iodosuccinimide and amidation with dioxazolones were catalyzed by Cp*Co(CO)I₂ in presence of cationic silver salt and silver acetate to afford various synthetically useful building blocks like RC(O)N(Me)(OMe) [R = 2-H₂C=CHCH₂C₆H₄, MeC=CHCH=CHCO₂Et, 2-I-C₆H₄, etc.]. Mechanistic studies of C-H allylation disclosed that the C-H activation step was rate determining and virtually irreversible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Safety of 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure and activity relationship studies of N-heterocyclic olefin and thiourea/urea catalytic systems: application in ring-opening polymerization of lactones was written by Zhou, Li;Wang, Zhenyu;Xu, Guangqiang;Lv, Chengdong;Wang, Qinggang. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

A highly efficient and controllable ring-opening polymerization of lactones (δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide) has been achieved by using N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) and thiourea/urea (TU/U) catalytic systems. This catalytic system showed high ring-opening activity and stereoselectivity, delivering biodegradable polyesters with high chain-end fidelity, controlled mol. weights and narrow molar mass dispersities. A detailed investigation of the structure-activity relationship was performed by exploring five NHOs and fourteen TUs/Us. For a fixed NHO, when the acidity of TUs/Us decreases, the polymerization mechanism changes from the (thio)urea anion to the neutral cooperative activation mode, and the catalytic activity first increases and decreases, displaying a highly effective interval. For a given TU or U, as the basicity of NHOs increases, the catalytic performance improves correspondingly. Besides, highly isoselective ROP of rac-LA (Pm = 0.93) at -78° has been also achieved, highlighting the versatility of the NHO/TU(U) system. These findings enrich the type of TU/U and base organocatalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7HPLC of Formula: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.HPLC of Formula: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 2 in lower oesophageal sphincter in rat acid reflux oesophagitis was written by Matsumoto, Kenjiro;Suenaga, Minako;Mizutani, Yumi;Matsui, Kohei;Yoshida, Ayano;Nakamoto, Tomohiro;Kato, Shinichi. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. In the present study, we investigated TRP vanilloid subfamily member 2 (TRPV2) expression in lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and its involvement in acid reflux oesophagitis in rats. Expression of TRPV2 and nerve growth factor mRNAs was significantly enhanced in LES of rats with reflux oesophagitis compared with normal rats. TRPV2 was mainly expressed in inhibitory motor neurons, and partly in intrinsic and extrinsic primary afferent neurons, and macrophages in LES of normal and reflux oesophagitis rats. Number of TRPV2-immunopos. nerve fibers was significantly increased, but that of nNOS-, CGRP-, and PGP9.5-nerve fibers was not changed in reflux oesophagitis compared with normal group. Probenecid produced nitric oxide production and relaxation in LES and this response was significantly enhanced in oesophagitis compared with normal group. Probenecid-induced relaxant effect was blocked by a TRPV2 inhibitor, tranilast, and a NOS inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine Me ester, in reflux oesophagitis rats. Oral administration of tranilast significantly improved body weight loss, oesophageal lesions, and epithelial thickness in oesophagitis model. These results suggest that up-regulation of TRPV2 in inhibitory motor neurons is involved in LES relaxation in oesophagitis model. TRPV2 inhibition might be beneficial for treatment of GERD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Quality Control of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Quality Control of 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics