Category: 79-07-2

Price, Katilyn J. published the artcileEvaluation of peanut tolerance to mid-season applications of PPO-Inhibitor herbicides mixed with different surfactants, Synthetic Route of 79-07-2, the publication is Crop Protection (2021), 105557, database is CAplus.

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides are being increasingly used to control acetolactate synthases (ALS) inhibitor-resistant weeds in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). However, PPO-inhibitor herbicides can injure the crop under certain application conditions, especially under abiotic stress and surfactants may exacerbate this injury. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effect of PPO-inhibitor based treatments on dryland peanut growth and yield when applied at three timings in mid-season, (2) evaluate the interactions of surfactants, chloroacetamide herbicides, and PPO-inhibitors, and (3) assess the level of correlation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings to traditional visible injury rating. Field studies were conducted in Henry and Escambia counties in Alabama, U.S. during 2018, and 2019. Up to 55% of visible peanut injury was observed with acifluorfen, lactofen, and carfentrazone-Et treatments. In general, the NDVI readings correlated significantly with traditional visible injury ratings. A tank mixture of chloroacetamide herbicides (pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P) with lactofen did not lead to more injury or yield loss than lactofen applied alone. Yield losses up 27% were observed with carfentrazone-Et plus a high surfactant oil concentrate (HSOC) at 75 and 90 days after planting (DAP) as compared to the non-treated check (NTC). Overall, treatments with HSOC and/or carfentrazone-Et were more likely to cause significant injury and yield loss than treatments with acifluorfen or lactofen plus nonionic surfactant (NIS). Peanuts are more sensitive to PPO-inhibitor herbicides at 75 DAP. NDVI did provide addnl. plant health information to subjective injury ratings, however, neither of these measurements are reliable predictors of peanut yield loss.

Crop Protection published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Synthetic Route of 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Threlfall, T. published the artcileThe infrared spectra of amides. Part 1. The stretching vibrations of primary carboxamides, SDS of cas: 79-07-2, the publication is Vibrational Spectroscopy (2022), 103386, database is CAplus.

The IR spectra of more than 150 primarycarboxamides in the NH stretching and the carbonyl region have been measured. Comparison is made with Bellamys anal. of the stretching modes of amines. The offset to higher frequencies of amides compared with amines is attributed to the widening of the bond angle. The sym. and antisym. stretching of the NH₂ bonds is analyzed via a rearrangement of the Linnett equations. It is shown thereby that changes of bond strength vary the sym. and antisym. frequencies approx. proportionately while deviations from that relationship are due either to changes of the bond angle, steric hindrance or to hydrogen bonding. The spectral changes of m- and p-substituted amides are correlated with Hammett sigma functions, both in the carbonyl and the NH2 stretching region. Intensities and the influence of steric effects are also discussed.

Vibrational Spectroscopy published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, SDS of cas: 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Haggam, Reda A. published the artcileMicrowave-assisted synthesis of double-headed derivatives of 1,2-bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethan-1-ol and study of their biological activity, SDS of cas: 79-07-2, the publication is Research on Chemical Intermediates (2021), 47(9), 3733-3749, database is CAplus.

Rapid and efficient synthesis of a series of some novel derivatives of 1,2-bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethan-1-ol (I), prepared from thiocarbohydrazide and dl-malic acid under microwave (MW) irradiation, is described. Reactions of I with several alkylating agents, such as epichlorohydrin, 3-chloro-1-propanol, (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl bromide, propargyl bromide, chloroacetamide, etc., as well as cyclization reactions with α-bromoacetophenone, benzoyl isothiocyanate, chloroacetyl chloride, succinic anhydride, etc. were studied. Higher yields and shorter reaction times were observed under microwave irradiation conditions in comparison to conventional heating procedures. The structures of the obtained products were established based on their ¹H/¹³C NMR, IR, elemental anal. and correlation experiments The synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal activities. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the screened compounds showed significant activity of several compounds against Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) bacteria and antifungal activity compared to the standard drugs.

Research on Chemical Intermediates published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, SDS of cas: 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Guibin published the artcileA two-step strategy for the preparation of anion-exchange membranes based on poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) for electrodialysis desalination, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Polymer (2021), 123508, database is CAplus.

The development of a facile approach to fabricate anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with efficient ionic transport and desirable stabilities (mech. and dimensional) for various applications is meaningful. In this work, a two-step strategy for the preparation of AEMs with 3D network structure, via crosslinking reaction between 2-chloroacetamide (CAA) modified poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,4-diaminobutane (TMDAB) has been reported. The as-prepared AEMs with ion-exchange capacity (IEC) in the range of 1.38-1.84 mmol g^-1, exhibit the much lower water uptake (13.14-22.45%, 80°C) relative to the un-crosslinked AEM (35.89%, 80°C). In addition, due to the presence of fluorine-based 3D network structure, the as-prepared AEMs show much enhanced mech. and thermal stability in comparison with the un-crosslinked AEM. In the electrodialysis (ED) application, the optimized AEM shows the higher current efficiency (78.6%) and lower energy consumption (2.01 kWh kg^-1 NaCl) than those of com. AEM AEM-Type II (76.4%; 2.26 kWh kg^-1), resp., within 150 min of operation interval. The proposed facile fabrication protocol and the better-performance of optimized PVDF-HFP -based AEM demonstrate the potential ED application.

Polymer published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abu-Hashem, Ameen Ali published the artcileSynthesis of new pyrazoles, oxadiazoles, triazoles, pyrrolotriazines, and pyrrolotriazepines as potential cytotoxic agents, Safety of 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry (2021), 58(3), 805-821, database is CAplus.

The 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide reacted with many active methylene reagents such as acetylacetone, diethylmalonate, ethylacetoacetate, ethylcyanoacetate, benzoyl-acetonitrile, and malononitrile under neat conditions to afford the corresponding pyrazoles e.g., I, also, treatment of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide with electrophilic reagents as triethylorthoformate, dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal, acetic anhydride, and carbon disulfide to give 1,3,4-oxadiazoles e.g., II and N’-acetyl-4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide. Reaction of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide with potassium thiocyanate gave 1-phenyl-3-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propan-1-one. Similarly, treatment of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide with chloroacetamide gave 3-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-1,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one. The 6-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-2(8H)-one was obtained by cyclization of 3-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-1,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one. Also, 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanehydrazide was utilized as a starting material for the synthesis of new Schiff bases as N’-(4-sub-benzylidene)-phenylbutane-hydrazides C₆H₅C(O)(CH₂)₂C(O)NHN=CHAr (Ar = Ph, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl), which are used as an initiative to prepare new compounds such as 1,2,4-triazepinones III, pyrrolotriazepinones IV, 1,2,4-triazines V, and pyrrolotriazines VI by reaction of N’-(4-sub-benzylidene)-phenylbutane-hydrazides with each chloroacetamide or formamide. The prepared compounds were tested for their in vitro antitumor activities. The compounds III, IVand VI displayed activity against several types of cancer cell lines.

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Safety of 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Xinyan published the artcileGenotoxicity of chloroacetamide herbicides and their metabolites in vitro and in vivo, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Medicine (2021), 47(6), 103, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The toxicity of chloroacetamide herbicide in embryo development remains unclear. Acetochlor (AC) is a chloroacetamide that metabolizes into 2-ethyl-6-methyl-2-chloroacetanilide (CMEPA) and 6-ethyl-o-toluidine (MEA). The present study determined the potential effect of AC and its metabolites on embryo development. Both HepG2 cells and zebrafish embryos were exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA in the presence or absence of co treatment with anti reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent N acetylcysteine. The generation of ROS, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in HepG2 cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from HepG2 cells were investigated. The effects of AC, CMEPA and MEA on DNA breakage, MAPK/ERK pathway activity, viability and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were examined by comet assay, western blotting, MTT assay and flow cytometry, resp. Levels of LDH, SOD and GSH in zebrafish embryos exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA were measured. The hatching and survival rates of zebrafish embryos exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA, were determined, and apoptosis of hatched fish was investigated using acridine orange staining. The present data showed AC, CMEPA and MEA induced generation of ROS and decreased levels of SOD and GSH in HepG2 cells, which in turn promoted DNA breakage and LDH leakage from cells, ultimately inhibiting cell viability and inducing apoptosis, as well as phosphorylation of JNK and P38. However, co treatment with N-acetylcysteine alleviated the pro apoptosis effect of AC and its metabolites. Moreover, exposure to AC, CMEPA and MEA lead to toxicity of zebrafish embryos with decreased SOD and GSH and increased LDH levels and cell apoptosis, ultimately decreasing the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish, all of which was attenuated by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, AC and its metabolites (CMEPA and MEA) showed cytotoxicity and embryo development toxicity.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Hong-ming published the artcileA bifunctional enzyme belonging to cytochrome P450 family involved in the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation toward chloroacetanilide herbicides in Rhodococcus sp. B2, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Microbial Cell Factories (2021), 20(1), 61, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The chloroacetamide herbicides pretilachlor is an emerging pollutant. Due to the large amount of use, its presence in the environment threatens human health. However, the mol. mechanism of pretilachlor degradation remains unknown. Now, Rhodococcus sp. B2 was isolated from rice field and shown to degrade pretilachlor. The maximum pretilachlor degradation efficiency (86.1%) was observed at a culture time of 5 d, an initial substrate concentration 50 mg/L, pH 6.98, and 30.1 °C. One novel metabolite N-hydroxyethyl-2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethyl-phenyl)-acetamide was identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Draft genome comparison demonstrated that a 32,147-bp DNA fragment, harboring gene cluster (EthRABCDB2), was absent from the mutant strain TB2 which could not degrade pretilachlor. The Eth gene cluster, encodes an AraC/XylS family transcriptional regulator (EthRB2), a ferredoxin reductase (EthAB2), a cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase (EthBB2), a ferredoxin (EthCB2) and a 10-kDa protein of unknown function (EthDB2). Complementation with EthABCDB2 and EthABDB2, but not EthABCB2 in strain TB2 restored its ability to degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. Subsequently, codon optimization of EthABCDB2 was performed, after which the optimized components were sep. expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatog. A mixture of EthABCDB2 or EthABDB2 but not EthABCB2 catalyzed the N-dealkoxymethylation of alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, and propisochlor and O-dealkylation of pretilachlor, revealing that EthDB2 acted as a ferredoxin in strain B2. EthABDB2 displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. This is the first report of a P 450 family oxygenase catalyzing the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation of pretilachlor and propisochlor, resp. And the results of the present study provide a microbial resource for the remediation of chloroacetamide herbicides-contaminated sites. The GenBank accession numbers of the Rhodococcus sp. B2 16S rRNA gene, sequence of the gene cluster EthRABCD B2 and scaffold 51 are KM875453, KJ946935 and MW378985.

Microbial Cell Factories published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hall, David Ross published the artcileMonohaloacetic Acids and Monohaloacetamides Attack Distinct Cellular Proteome Thiols, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54(23), 15191-15201, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure has been linked to multiple adverse health outcomes. However, the mol. initiating events by which DBPs induce their toxicities remain unclear. Herein, we combined reporter cell lines and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) chem. proteomics to identify the protein targets of three monohaloacetic acids (mHAAs) and three monohaloacetamides (mHAMs), at the proteome-wide level. While mHAAs and mHAMs have similar potencies in reducing MTT activity, mHAMs induced greater Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses, demonstrating their distinct toxicity pathways. ABPP on crude cell lysates suggested that general proteome thiol reactivity correlates with cytotoxicity. Interestingly, live cell ABPP results revealed class-specific proteins attacked by mHAMs or mHAAs. Subsequent proteomic anal. identified >100 unique targets per DBP. mHAMs preferentially react with redox proteins including disulfide oxidoreductase enzymes, accounting for their stronger Nrf2 responses. To further probe alkylation mechanisms, we directly monitored protein adducts and identified 120 and 37 unique peptides with iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid adducts, resp. Of the latter, we confirmed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a key target of IAA, specifically attacking the catalytic Cys 152. This is the first study reporting the distinct cellular protein targets of mHAAs and mHAMs at the proteome-wide level, which highlights their different toxicity pathways despite their similar structures.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nagai, Takashi published the artcileTemporal and regional variability of cumulative ecological risks of pesticides in Japanese river waters for 1990-2010, Safety of 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Journal of Pesticide Science (Tokyo, Japan) (2022), 47(1), 22-29, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We quant. evaluated the cumulative ecol. risks from multiple pesticides used in paddy fields in Japan. Moreover, we visualized the temporal and regional variability of those risks for 1990-2010. Considering the region-specific parameters of environmental conditions, regionspecific predicted environmental concentrations were estimated at 350 river-flow monitoring sites in Japan. Then the multi-substance potentially affected fraction (msPAF) was calculated as a risk index of multiple pesticides by using the computation tool NIAES-CERAP. The median msPAF values for insecticides and herbicides decreased by 92.4% and 53.1%, resp., from 1990 to 2010. This substantial reduction in ecol. risk was attributed to the development of low-risk pesticides by manufacturers, the efforts of farmers in risk reduction, and tighter regulation by the Japanese government. In particular, the substantial reduction of the ecol. risk from insecticides was largely due to the decrease in the use of organophosphorus insecticides.

Journal of Pesticide Science (Tokyo, Japan) published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Safety of 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lai, Huifang published the artcileCopper-promoted direct amidation of isoindolinone scaffolds by sodium persulfate, Formula: C2H4ClNO, the publication is Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2021), 19(35), 7621-7626, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Isoindolinones are ubiquitous structural motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Establishing an efficient method for structural modification of isoindolinones could significantly facilitate new drug development. Herein, authors describe copper-promoted direct amidation of isoindolinone scaffolds mediated by sodium persulfate. The method exhibits mild reaction conditions and high site-selectivity, and enables the structural modification of the drug indobufen ester with various amides with yields of 49 to 98%. It is also gram-scalable. Addnl., the reaction mechanism appears to involve a radical and a carbocationic pathway.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Formula: C2H4ClNO.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics