On August 5, 2021, Hain, Ethan; Adejumo, Hollie; Anger, Bridget; Orenstein, Joseph; Blaney, Lee published an article.HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9 The title of the article was Advances in antimicrobial activity analysis of fluoroquinolone, macrolide, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics for environmental applications through improved bacteria selection. And the article contained the following:
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to their ubiquitous presence in water and wastewater and raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Clin. antibiotic susceptibility assays have been repurposed to measure removal of antimicrobial activity during water and wastewater treatment processes. The corresponding protocols have mainly employed growth inhibition of Escherichia coli. The present work focused on optimizing bacteria selection to improve the sensitivity of residual antimicrobial activity measurements by broth microdilution assays. Thirteen antibiotics from four classes (i.e., fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) were investigated against three gram-neg. organisms, namely E. coli, Mycoplasma microti, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated for each antibiotic-bacteria pair. P. fluorescens produces a fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdine, that was used to assess sublethal effects and further enhance the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity measurements. The optimal antibiotic-bacteria pairs were as follows: fluoroquinolone-E. coli (growth inhibition); macrolide- and sulfonamide-M. microti (growth inhibition); and, tetracycline-P. fluorescens (pyoverdine inhibition). Compared to E. coli growth inhibition, the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity anal. was improved by up to 728, 19, and 2.7 times for macrolides (tylosin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole), and tetracyclines (chlortetracycline), facilitating application of these bioassays at environmentally-relevant conditions. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9
The Article related to fluoroquinolone macrolide sulfonamide tetracycline antibiotics antimicrobial activity, bioassay, contaminants of emerging concern, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (ic(50)), minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), pharmaceutical and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 144-80-9
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