Sivey, John D.; Roberts, A. Lynn published the artcile< Abiotic Reduction Reactions of Dichloroacetamide Safeners: Transformations of ""Inert"" Agrochemical Constituents>, Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-diisobutylacetamide, the main research area is abiotic reduction reaction modeling dichloroacetamide safener transformation.
Safeners are so-called “”inert”” constituents of herbicide formulations added to protect crops from the toxic effects of herbicides. We examined the reactivity of three dichloroacetamide safeners and 12 structural analogs [all neutral compounds of the form Cl2CXC(=O)NRR’; X = H, Cl; R-groups include alkyl, branched alkyl, n-allyl, and cyclic moieties] in one homogeneous and two heterogeneous reductant systems: solutions of Cr(H2O)62+, suspensions of FeII-amended goethite, and suspensions of FeII-amended hematite. Analyses of reaction products indicate each safener can undergo stepwise hydrogenolysis (replacement of chlorine by hydrogen) in each system at near-neutral pH. The first hydrogenolysis step generates compounds similar (in one case, identical) to herbicide active ingredients. Rates of product formation and (when reactions were sufficiently fast) parent loss were quantified; reaction rates in heterogeneous systems spanned 2 orders of magnitude and were strongly influenced by R-group structure. The length of n-alkyl R-groups exerted opposite effects on hydrogenolysis rates in homogeneous vs. heterogeneous systems: as R-group size increased, reduction rates in heterogeneous systems increased, whereas reduction rates in the homogeneous system decreased. Branched alkyl R-groups decreased hydrogenolysis rates relative to their straight-chain homologs in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Reaction rates in heterogeneous systems can be described via polyparameter linear free energy relationships employing mol. parameters likely to influence dichloroacetamide adsorption. The propensity of dichloroacetamide safeners to undergo reductive transformations into herbicide-like products challenges their classification as “”inert”” agrochem. ingredients.
Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Environmental modeling. 5326-82-9 belongs to class amides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C10H20ClNO, Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-diisobutylacetamide.
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