Nonstrained γ-Butyrolactone to High-Molecular-Weight Poly(γ-butyrolactone): Facile Bulk Polymerization Using Economical Ureas/Alkoxides was written by Lin, Limiao;Han, Dongmei;Qin, Jiaxiang;Wang, Shuanjin;Xiao, Min;Sun, Luyi;Meng, Yuezhong. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2018.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:
We disclose an efficient catalyst system of com. ureas/alkoxides for the challenging ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of bioderived “nonpolymerizable” γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL). This effective polymerization can not only be performed under mild conditions like bulk polymerization, higher monomer ratio, and elevated temperature (-20 °C comparing to -40 °C), but also obtains high-mol.-weight poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PγBL) (Mn up to 68.2 kg/mol). To our knowledge, this is a big progress in the research area of ROP of γ-BL, which provides a promising prospect for the industrial-scale methodol. of PγBL production Structural anal. including NMR and MALDI-TOF, along with mechanistic computational studies based on DFT calculations, show that urea anion acts as a bifunctional catalyst, which activates the alc. initiator and γ-BL before obeying an anionic polymerization Furthermore, the catalytic activities of ureas/alkoxides systems have been optimized using the ureas with electron-donating groups which are proved to have lower activation barrier by computational calculation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics