Pre-emptive short-term nicotinamide mononucleotide treatment in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy was written by Yasuda, Itaru;Hasegawa, Kazuhiro;Sakamaki, Yusuke;Muraoka, Hirokazu;Kawaguchi, Takahisa;Kusahana, Ei;Ono, Takashi;Kanda, Takeshi;Tokuyama, Hirobumi;Wakino, Shu;Itoh, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The activation of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, by the administration of NMN (NMN) ameliorates various aging-related diseases. Diabetic db/db mice were treated with NMN transiently for 2 wk and observed for effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN). At 14 wk after the treatment period, NMN attenuated the increases in urinary albumin excretion in db/db mice without ameliorating Hb A1c levels. Short-term NMN treatment mitigated mesangium expansion and foot process effacement, while ameliorating decreased Sirt1 expression and increased claudin-1 expression in the kidneys of db/db mice. This treatment also improved the decrease in the expression of H3K9me2 and DNMT1. Short-term NMN treatment also increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and the expression of Sirt1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), and it maintained NMN adenyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) expression in the kidneys. In addition, survival rates improved after NMN treatment. Short-term NMN treatment in early-stage DN has remote renal protective effects through the upregulation of Sirt1 and activation of the NAD+ salvage pathway, both of which indicate NMN legacy effects on DN. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Electric Literature of C11H15N2O8P
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics