Combination of nicotinamide mononucleotide and troxerutin induces full protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory response was written by Khosroshahi, Ahmad Jamei;Mokhtari, Behnaz;Badalzadeh, Reza. And the article was included in Molecular Biology Reports in 2022.Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Abstract: Background: Clin. application of doxorubicin (DOX) is restricted due to its cardiotoxicity, reinforcing the significance of exploring new strategies to counteract DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The present work aimed to investigate the ameliorative impact of combination therapy with NMN (NMN) and troxerutin (TXR) on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, with mitochondrial function/biogenesis and inflammatory response approach. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 30, 250-300 g) were divided into groups with/without DOX and/or NMN and TXR, alone or in combination. Rats underwent 6 consecutive i.p. injections of DOX (cumulative dose: 12 mg/kg). NMN (100 mg/kg/day; i.p.) and/or TXR (150 mg/kg/day; orally) were administered for 28 days before DOX challenge. Seven days following the last injection of DOX, evaluation of cardiac histopathol. changes, BNP and LDH levels, mitochondrial function (membrane potential, ROS generation, and ATP levels), expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was performed. Results: Combination of NMN and TXR significantly decreased the severity of histopathol. damages, and BNP and LDH levels (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). It also restored mitochondrial functional endpoints, and expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), and decreased inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). The pos. impacts of this combination therapy were more potent as compared to monotherapies. Conclusions: These findings shed new light on the understanding of additive properties of NMN/TXR combination therapy in protecting against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective effect of this combination therapy may be mediated in part through the restoration of mitochondrial function/biogenesis associated with the PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway, and suppression of inflammatory response. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate
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