Effects of temperature on growth performance and metabolism of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was written by Zhou, Cheng;Zhang, Zhi-qiang;Zhang, Lei;Liu, Ying;Liu, Peng-fei. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has become an increasingly important aquaculture species due to the rapid expansion of farming in China and its com. popularity in Asia. A 60 day growth trial was conducted to investigate the impact of temperature on growth and ingestion performance and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Juvenile European sea bass were stocked in triplicate at 3 temperature conditions (10°, 15°, and 20°). The specific growth rate and feeding rate of European sea bass in both 10° and 15° were all significantly lower than fish in 20° (P < 0.05). The feed conversion rate of European sea bass was 20° > 15° (P > 0.05), and 20° > 10° (P < 0.05). We measured the levels of muscle metabolites of European sea bass, using liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry-(LC-MS/MS) and compared the data among groups using principal component anal. and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA). We also conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway anal. OPLS-DA clearly discriminated the muscle metabolites of European sea bass under the three temperature conditions. The important differential metabolites mainly included β-NMN, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, nicotinic acid, UDP-glucose, glycerophosphatidylcholine, (±)-17-hydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 15E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, (±)-15-hydroxy-5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 13E, 17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, L-serine, inositol, L-citrulline, and succinic acid. The KEGG metabolic pathway anal. showed that lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the urea cycle, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism may closely related to temperature conditions. The findings of this research suggest that the growth and food intake of European sea bass can be promoted and production can be improved at a culture temperature of 20°. Our results provide a theor. basis and tech. guidance for formulating temperature control strategies for industrial recirculating aquaculture of European sea bass. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.COA of Formula: C11H15N2O8P
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics