Month: February 2023

Metal-Free Thermal Activation of Molecular Oxygen Enabled Direct α-CH₂-Oxygenation of Free Amines was written by Ghosh, Santanu;Jana, Chandan K.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Direct oxidation of α-CH₂ group of free amines is hard to achieve due to the higher reactivity of amine moiety. Therefore, oxidation of amines involves the use of sophisticated metallic reagents/catalyst in the presence or absence of hazardous oxidants under sensitive reaction conditions. A novel method for direct C-H oxygenation of aliphatic amines through a metal-free activation of mol. oxygen has been developed. Both activated and unactivated free amines were oxygenated efficiently to provide a wide variety of amides (primary, secondary) and lactams under operationally simple conditions without the aid of metallic reagents and toxic oxidants. The method has been applied to the synthesis of highly functionalized amide-containing medicinal drugs, such as O-Me-alibendol and -buclosamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Diverse Oxidative C(sp²)-N Bond Cleavages of Aromatic Fused Imidazoles for Synthesis of α-Ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides was written by Xu, Fangzhou;Wang, Yanyan;Xun, Xiwei;Huang, Yun;Jin, Zhichao;Song, Baoan;Wu, Jian. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and chemoselective C(sp²)-N bond cleavage of aromatic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine mols. is developed. A broad scope of amide compounds such as α-ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides are afforded as the final products in up to quant. yields. Diverse C-N bond cleavages are controlled by the oxidative species used in this transformation, with various amide products afforded in a chemoselective fashion. A preliminary study indicated that some α-ketoamides exhibit anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus activity for potential use in plant protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of cationic gelatin protein on hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was written by Tang, Jun-ling;Wang, Xue-yan. And the article was included in Ranzheng Jishu in 2016.Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

For the purpose of improving the control of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate, the prediction of the bleaching results, and the optimization of cotton fabric bleaching process, a self-made cationic gelatin protein agent was used in cotton hydrogen peroxide bleaching and hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was calculated The influence of self-made cationic gelatin protein agent, stabilizing agent sodium silicate and activator TAED on the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was compared. The results showed that cationic gelatin protein could promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide effectively and the decomposition rate was closed to TAED under low temperature and low alkali. The cationic gelatin protein acted as an activator in bleaching process. It provided a theor. basis for the cationic gelatin protein agent application in hydrogen peroxide bleaching with low temperature and low alkali. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Drug repurposing screening identifies tioconazole as an ATG4 inhibitor that suppresses autophagy and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy was written by Liu, Pei-Feng;Tsai, Kun-Lin;Hsu, Chien-Jen;Tsai, Wei-Lun;Cheng, Jin-Shiung;Chang, Hsueh-Wei;Shiau, Chung-Wai;Goan, Yih-Gang;Tseng, Ho-Hsing;Wu, Chih-Hsuan;Reed, John C.;Yang, Lee-Wei;Shu, Chih-Wen. And the article was included in Theranostics in 2018.Application of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:

Tumor cells require proficient autophagy to meet high metabolic demands and resist chemotherapy, which suggests that reducing autophagic flux might be an attractive route for cancer therapy. However, this theory in clin. cancer research remains controversial due to the limited number of drugs that specifically inhibit autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. We screened FDA-approved drugs using a novel platform that integrates computational docking and simulations as well as biochem. and cellular reporter assays to identify potential drugs that inhibit autophagy-required cysteine proteases of the ATG4 family. The effects of ATG4 inhibitors on autophagy and tumor suppression were examined using cell culture and a tumor xenograft mouse model. Tioconazole was found to inhibit activities of ATG4A and ATG4B with an IC50 of 1.3μM and 1.8μM, resp. Further studies based on docking and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations supported that tioconazole can stably occupy the active site of ATG4 in its open form and transiently interact with the allosteric regulation site in LC3, which explained the exptl. observed obstruction of substrate binding and reduced autophagic flux in cells in the presence of tioconazole. Moreover, tioconazole diminished tumor cell viability and sensitized cancer cells to autophagy-inducing conditions, including starvation and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Tioconazole inhibited ATG4 and autophagy to enhance chemotherapeutic drug-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cell culture and tumor xenografts. These results suggest that the antifungal drug tioconazole might be repositioned as an anticancer drug or chemosensitizer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Application of 53902-12-8).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Application of 53902-12-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channels reveal functional linkage between salivary gland function and blood feeding in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti was written by Li, Zhilin;Soohoo-Hui, Alexander;O’Hara, Flinn M.;Swale, Daniel R.. And the article was included in Communications Biology in 2022.Reference of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

Reducing saliva secretions into the vertebrate host reduces feeding efficacy by most hematophagous arthropods. However, seminal studies suggested saliva is not a prerequisite for blood feeding in Aedes aegypti. To test this paradigm, author manually transected the salivary duct of female A. aegypti and an inability to salivate was correlated to an inability to imbibe blood. These data justified testing the relevance of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels in the A. aegypti salivary gland as an antifeedant target site. Pharmacol. activation of ATP-gated Kir (K_ATP) channels reduced the secretory activity of the salivary gland by 15-fold that led to near elimination of blood ingestion during feeding. The reduced salivation and feeding success nearly eliminated horizontal transmission and acquisition of Dengue virus-2 (DENV2). These data suggest mosquito salivation is a prerequisite for blood feeding and provide evidence that K^ATP channels are critical for salivation, feeding, and vector competency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Reference of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Reference of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Versatile and chemoselective transformation of aliphatic and aromatic secondary amides to nitriles was written by Geng, Hui;Huang, Pei-Qiang. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2015.Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide This article mentions the following:

Triflic anhydride in combination with 2-fluoropyridine effectively dehydrates secondary amides to afford nitriles under mild reaction conditions. The reaction is general in scope and compatible with the use of aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, aromatic and heteroaromatic amides bearing either secondary, tertiary, or benzylic N-alkyl groups. The reaction also shows good to excellent chemoselectivity for the secondary amide and tolerates several labile functional groups. Under optimized conditions the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using amides as starting materials, such as N-(isopropyl)benzenebutanamide, N-(isopropyl)benzenepropanamide, adamantanecarboxamide derivatives, N-(tert-butyl)benzamide, 3-(phenyl)-2-propenamide derivatives (unsaturated amides), 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide, 2-thiophenecarboxamide (thiophene), benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives, (aminocarbonyl)benzoic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide).

4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide (cas: 13255-50-0) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: 4-Formyl-N-isopropylbenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mesomorphic and geometrical orientation study of the relative position of fluorine atom in some thermotropic liquid crystal systems was written by Ahmed, H. A.;Hagar, M.;Alhaddad, O. A.. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 2020.Application of 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

New series of the Schiff base/esters, 4-((2′-or 3′-fluorophenylimino)methyl)phenyl-4”-alkoxy benzoates and 4-((3-fluorophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl 4”-alkoxy benzoates, I [X = C, N; R¹ = hexyl, octyl, decyl, etc.; R² = 2-F, 3-F ] were prepared and their mesophase behavior investigated. The type of the mesophase and its transition temperature were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM). The optimized structures of Schiff base/ester and their azo/ester groups were deduced theor. by d. functional theory (DFT). Each group of homologues differed from the other by the position of the fluorine atom on the terminal benzene ring, in addition to laterally neat homologues. Comparative studies revealed that the position and orientation of the lateral fluorine atom as well as the type of the linking core not only affected the melting temperature but also the mesophase stability. DFT results showed that the type and stability of the mesophase could be illustrated in the terms of calculated dipole moment, polarisability, thermal energy and mol. electrostatic potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application of 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application of 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of medicinally relevant phenyl sulphonylamino alkanamides and N-aryl P-toluenesulphonamides was written by Izuchi, Attah S.;Onoabedje, Efeturi A.;Ekoh, Ogechi C.;Okafor, Sunday;Okoro, Uchechukwu C.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences in 2019.Application of 1146-43-6 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of new medicinally important phenylsulfonyl aminoalkanamides and N-aryl p-toluene sulfonamides was reported. The reaction between benzenesulfonylchloride and valine gave 3-methyl-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]butanoic acid which was converted into 2- [acetyl(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-3-Me butanoic acid by reacting with acetic anhydride in acetic acid. The reaction of the latter with SOCl₂ and the former with NH₃ afforded 2-[N-acetyl(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-3-Me butanamide intermediate. The palladium-catalyzed reaction of the intermediate with readily available aryl chlorides and bromides afforded a variety of Ph sulfonylaminoalkanamides I [R = 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, pyridin-2-yl, 5-nitropyridin-2-yl, 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4-yl] was obtained in good yields. In another synthesis, p-toluenesulfonylchloride reacted with aqueous ammonia to give 4-Me benzenesulfonamide which was converted into N-(aryl)-p-toluenesulfonamide, II [R = 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-formylphenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl] in good yields, by reaction with 4-chlorophenol, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-bromoaniline, 2-chlorotoluene and 1-bromo-2-methoxybenzene, resp. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental anal. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6Application of 1146-43-6).

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Application of 1146-43-6

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of suspect and non-target screening methods for detection of organic contaminants in highway runoff and fish tissue with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry was written by Du, Bowen;Lofton, Jonathan M.;Peter, Katherine T.;Gipe, Alexander D.;James, C. Andrew;McIntyre, Jenifer K.;Scholz, Nathaniel L.;Baker, Joel E.;Kolodziej, Edward P.. And the article was included in Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts in 2017.SDS of cas: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

Untreated urban stormwater runoff contributes to poor water quality in receiving waters. The ability to identify toxicants and other bioactive mols. responsible for observed adverse effects in a complex mixture of contaminants is critical to effective protection of ecosystem and human health, yet this is a challenging anal. task. The objective of this study was to develop anal. methods using liquid chromatog. coupled to high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) to detect organic contaminants in highway runoff and in runoff-exposed fish (adult coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch). Processing of paired water and tissue samples facilitated contaminant prioritization and aided investigation of chem. bioavailability and uptake processes. Simple, minimal processing effort solid phase extraction (SPE) and elution procedures were optimized for water samples, and selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) procedures were optimized for fish tissues. Extraction methods were compared by detection of non-target features and target compounds (e.g., quantity and peak area), while minimizing matrix interferences. Suspect screening techniques utilized inhouse and com. databases to prioritize high-risk detections for subsequent MS/MS characterization and identification efforts. Presumptive annotations were also screened with an inhouse linear regression (log K_owvs. retention time) to exclude isobaric compounds Examples of confirmed identifications (via reference standard comparison) in highway runoff include ethoprophos, prometon, DEET, caffeine, cotinine, 4(or 5)-methyl-1H-methylbenzotriazole, and acetanilide. Acetanilide was also detected in runoff-exposed fish gill and liver samples. Further characterization of highway runoff and fish tissues (14 and 19 compounds, resp. with tentative identification by MS/MS data) suggests that many novel or poorly characterized organic contaminants exist in urban stormwater runoff and exposed biota. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7SDS of cas: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.SDS of cas: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Composition and application of maleate sulfonate compound neutral deinking agent was written by Ma, Xiaoyu;Li, Xiaorui;Fei, Guiqiang;Mou, Jing. And the article was included in Zhonghua Zhiye in 2010.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

Neutral deinking agents were obtained by compounding maleate sulfonate ionic surfactants with two nonionic surfactants, fatty alc. polyoxyethylene ether AEO-9, AEO-3. The maleate sulfonate ionic surfactants were prepared by using maleic anhydride, polyoxyethylene alkyphenol (TX-10) and sodium sulfite. The structure of maleate sulfonate anionic surfactant and the deinking effect were investigated by FTIR and SEM. The results show that when the ratio of maleate sulfonate anionic surfactant:AEO-9:AEO-3 is at 2:1:1, the effect of neutral deinking is ideal, the whiteness of the deinking pulp can be increased above 14% ISO and the residual ink concentration can be decreased above 170 mm²/m². In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Recommanded Product: 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics