Month: January 2023

Enhancement of the brain delivery of methotrexate with administration of mid-chain ester prodrugs: In vitro and in vivo studies was written by Fattahi, Nadia;Ramazani, Ali;Hamidi, Mehrdad;Parsa, Maliheh;Rostamizadeh, Kobra;Rashidzadeh, Hamid. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2021.Synthetic Route of C20H20N8Na2O5 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, with the aim of improving the permeability of methotrexate (MTX) to the brain, the lipophilic MTX prodrugs containing the ester functional moiety were synthesized. The chem. structure of synthesized prodrugs was characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and mass spectral studies. Based on the results of in vitro cytotoxic studies, all of the synthesized prodrugs led to decrease in the IC50 in 72 h on U87 cancer cell line and the best result was observed for dihexyl methotrexate (MTX-DH) in comparison with free MTX, which led to decrease the IC50 amount up to 6 folds. In addition, in vivo toxicity on Artemia salina (A. salina) showed that the lipophilic MTX prodrugs have been able to partially mask the toxic profile of free MTX, at the same concentrations These findings were also in compliance with hemolysis assay results, which confirm that the conjugates has not made the drug more toxic. Furthermore, in vivo study in rat model, was employed to determine the simultaneous drug concentration in brain and plasma. According to the obtained results, the brain-to-plasma concentration ratios (Kp values) of MTX-DH and dioctyl methotrexate (MTX-DO) groups were significantly higher compared with free MTX. Moreover, the uptake clearance of MTX by brain parenchyma increased significantly (3.85 and 9.08-time increased for MTX-DH and MTX-DO prodrugs, resp.). These findings indicate that the synthesized lipophilic MTX prodrugs are non-toxic and able to enhance brain penetration of MTX. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Synthetic Route of C20H20N8Na2O5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Synthetic Route of C20H20N8Na2O5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The effect of Glibenclamide on somatosensory evoked potentials after cardiac arrest in rats was written by Lachance, Brittany Bolduc;Wang, Zhuoran;Badjatia, Neeraj;Jia, Xiaofeng. And the article was included in Neurocritical Care in 2022.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Background: Science continues to search for a neuroprotective drug therapy to improve outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA). The use of glibenclamide (GBC) has shown promise in preclin. studies, but its effects on neuroprognostication tools are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of GBC on somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) waveform recovery post CA and how this relates to the early prediction of functional outcome, with close attention to arousal and somatosensory recovery, in a rodent model of CA. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were subjected to 8-min asphyxia CA and assigned to GBC treatment (n = 8) or control (n = 8) groups. GBC was administered as a loading dose of 10 μg/kg i.p. 10 min after the return of spontaneous circulation, followed by a maintenance dosage of 1.6 μg/kg every 8 h for 24 h. SSEPs were recorded from baseline until 150 min following CA. Coma recovery, arousal, and brainstem function, measured by subsets of the neurol. deficit score (NDS), were compared between both groups. SSEP N10 amplitudes were compared between the two groups at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post CA. Results: Rats treated with GBC had higher sub-NDS scores post CA, with improved arousal and brainstem function recovery (P = 0.007). Both groups showed a gradual improvement of SSEP N10 amplitude over time, from 30 to 120 min post CA. Rats treated with GBC showed significantly better SSEP recovery at every time point (P < 0.001 for 30, 60, and 90 min; P = 0.003 for 120 min). In the GBC group, the N10 amplitude recovered to baseline by 120 min post CA. Quantified Cresyl violet staining revealed a significantly greater percentage of damage in the control group compared with the GBC treatment group (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Glibenclamide improves coma recovery, arousal, and brainstem function after CA with decreased number of ischemic neurons in a rat model. GBC improves SSEP recovery post CA, with N10 amplitude reaching the baseline value by 120 min, suggesting early electrophysiol. recovery with this treatment. This medication warrants further exploration as a potential drug therapy to improve functional outcomes in patients after CA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway mediate cardioprotective effects of Croton urucurana Baill. In hypertensive rats was written by Lopes, Katiana Simoes;Marques, Aline Aparecida Macedo;Moreno, Karyne Garcia Tafarelo;Lorencone, Bethania Rosa;Leite, Patricia Regina Terco;da Silva, Gabriela Pereira;dos Santos, Ariany Carvalho;Souza, Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho;Gasparotto, Francielly Mourao;Cassemiro, Nadla Soares;Lourenco, Emerson Luiz Botelho;Klider, Lislaine Maria;Manfron, Jane;Silva, Denise Brentan;Gasparotto, Arquimedes Junior. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Reference of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:

(Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as sangue de draga is a Brazilian species widely used in traditional medicine for cardiovascular ailments. To investigate the cardiovascular effects of the C. urucurana extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Leaves from C. urucurana were collected and morphoanatomically characterized. The ethanol-soluble fraction (ESCU) was obtained and analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. Using female Wistar rats we investigated the acute toxicity of ESCU. Then, SHRs (six months old) received vehicle, hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or ESCU (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the beginning and at the end of treatments, urine samples were obtained to assess renal function. At the end of the trial period, the blood pressure, mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) reactivity, and electrocardiog. profile were evaluated. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, nitrite, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and aldosterone levels were determined Relative organ weights and histopathol. anal. were performed. Finally, the cardiac function on a Langendorff system, as well as the mol. mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effects of ESCU in MVBs were also investigated. The compounds annotated from ESCU by LC-DAD-MS included mainly phenylpropanoid derivatives, alkaloids, O-glycosylated megastigmanes, glycosylated flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and others, such as quercetin O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside, magnoflorine, reticuline, and taspine. None of the animals showed any signs of toxicity. Male SHRs treated only with the vehicle showed important cardiovascular changes, including a reduction in renal function, increase in serum oxidative stress, and hemodynamic, electrocardiog., and morphol. changes typical of hypertensive disease. Moreover, parameters of cardiac function, including left ventricular developed pressure, peak rate of contraction, peak rate of relaxation, and the rate pressure product were significantly altered, showing a significant impairment of ventricular function. All ESCU-doses presented a significant cardioprotective effect in SHRs rats. The 28-day treatment normalized the hemodynamic, electrocardiog., morphol., and renal impairments, as well as reversed the changes in ventricular function induced by hypertension. In MVBs with an intact endothelium, ESCU (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg) dose-dependently induced vasodilation. Endothelium removal or the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevented the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Perfusion with a physiol. saline solution that contained KCl, tetraethylammonium, or apamin also abolished the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Prolonged ESCU-treatment showed significant cardioprotective effects in SHRs. Moreover, the data showed the role of nitric oxide and calcium-activated small conductance potassium channels in the cardiovascular effects of ESCU. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Reference of 10238-21-8).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Reference of 10238-21-8

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exposure to high-altitude environment is associated with drug transporters change: microRNA-873-5p-mediated alteration of function and expression levels of drug transporters under hypoxia was written by Duan, Yabin;Bai, Xue;Yang, Jianxin;Zhou, Yang;Gu, Wenqi;Liu, Guiqin;Wang, Qian;Zhu, Junbo;La, Linli;Li, Xiangyang. And the article was included in Drug Metabolism & Disposition in 2022.Safety of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide This article mentions the following:

Hypoxia is the main characteristic of a high-altitude environment, affecting drug metabolism However, so far, the mechanism of miRNA involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and transporters under high-altitude hypoxia is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions and expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), peptide transport 1 (PEPT1), and organic anion-transporting polypeptides 2B1 (OATP2B1) in rats and Caco-2 cells after exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. The protein and mRNA expression of MDR1, MRP2, BCRP, PEPT1, and OATP2B1 were determined by Western blot and qPCR. The functions of MDR1, MRP2, BCRP, PEPT1, and OATP2B1 were evaluated by determining the effective intestinal permeability and absorption rate constants of their specific substrates in rats under high-altitude hypoxia, and uptake and transport studies were performed on Caco-2 cells. To screen the miRNA associated with hypoxia, Caco-2 cells were examined by high throughput sequencing. We observed that the miR-873-5p was significantly decreased under hypoxia and might target MDR1 and pregnane X receptor (PXR). To clarify whether miR-873-5p regulates MDR1 and pregnane X receptor (PXR) under hypoxia, Caco-2 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-873-5p and neg. control (NC). The function and expression of drug transporters were found to be significantly increased in rats and Caco-2 cells under hypoxia. We found that miR-873-5p regulated MDR1 and PXR expression. Herein, it is shown that miRNA may affect the expression of drug transporter and nuclear receptor under hypoxia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Safety of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Safety of 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Catalytic Strategy for α,ω-Functionalization: NHC-Mediated Fragmentation/Umpolung Cascades to Access Hydroxytrifluoromethyl Ynones and Allenones was written by Selg, Christoph;Kraft, Fabian B.;Welcke, Linda;Zeitler, Kirsten. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 116332-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Herein we report an unprecedented, convenient NHC-catalyzed one-pot cascade reaction to afford α,ω-difunctionalized hydroxytrifluoromethyl alkynones and allenones in a single step. The critical fragile aliphatic aldehydes are introduced by a base-mediated in situ Grob-type fragmentation of their corresponding latent cyclic vinylogous hemiacetal triflate (VHAT) and γ-hydroxy vinyl triflate (GHVT) precursors, avoiding typical problems and losses upon isolation. The ‘demasked’ aldehydes are subsequently trapped by NHC-catalyzed umpolung and further metal-free C-C-cross-coupling to access a broad scope of terminally modified alkynyl or allenyl aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic trifluoromethyl ketones as multifunctionalized, high-value building blocks for advanced synthetic applications. Addnl. synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated with the possibility for asym. variants using chiral NHC-catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7HPLC of Formula: 116332-61-7).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.HPLC of Formula: 116332-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics was written by De Falco, Francesca;Gullo, Maria Pia;Gentile, Gennaro;Di Pace, Emilia;Cocca, Mariacristina;Gelabert, Laura;Brouta-Agnesa, Marolda;Rovira, Angels;Escudero, Rosa;Villalba, Raquel;Mossotti, Raffaella;Montarsolo, Alessio;Gavignano, Sara;Tonin, Claudio;Avella, Maurizio. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2018.Computed Properties of C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

A new and more alarming source of marine contamination has been recently identified in micro and nanosized plastic fragments. Microplastics are difficult to see with the naked eye and to biodegrade in marine environment, representing a problem since they can be ingested by plankton or other marine organisms, potentially entering the food web. An important source of microplastics appears to be through sewage contaminated by synthetic fibers from washing clothes. Since this phenomenon still lacks of a comprehensive anal., the objective of this contribution was to investigate the role of washing processes of synthetic textiles on microplastic release. In particular, an anal. protocol was set up, based on the filtration of the washing water of synthetic fabrics and on the anal. of the filters by SEM. The quantification of the microfibre shedding from three different synthetic fabric types, woven polyester, knitted polyester, and woven polypropylene, during washing trials simulating domestic conditions, was achieved and statistically analyzed. The highest release of microplastics was recorded for the wash of woven polyester and this phenomenon was correlated to the fabric characteristics. Moreover, the extent of microfibre release from woven polyester fabrics due to different detergents, washing parameters and industrial washes was evaluated. The number of microfibres released from a typical 5 kg wash load of polyester fabrics was estimated to be over 6,000,000 depending on the type of detergent used. The usage of a softener during washes reduces the number of microfibres released of more than 35%. The amount and size of the released microfibres confirm that they could not be totally retained by wastewater treatments plants, and potentially affect the aquatic environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Computed Properties of C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Computed Properties of C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of bleach activators in removing different soils from cotton fabric was written by Tavcer, Petra Forte. And the article was included in Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe in 2020.Product Details of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

The influence of adding Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate (NaPB) and tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) on the efficiency of removing soils from cotton fabric was evaluated in the study. NaPB as inorganic peroxide and TAED as a bleach activator were added to a com. washing powder agent. Four standard soils applied on cotton fabric (EMPA standard soiled fabrics) were used in the study, i.e. 101 – carbon black/olive oil, 114 – red wine, 116 – blood/milk/ink and 160 – chocolate. The washing of fabrics was conducted in accordance with the SIST EN ISO 105-C06 standard at 40, 60 and 90°C in Launder-Ometer apparatus The washing efficiency was evaluated by determining the CIE L* color coordinates of the unwashed and washed fabric samples, and the difference in ΔL* color coordinates among them. The results showed that NaPB and TAED improve the efficiency of washing for two standard soils, have no effect on one, and deteriorate the washing results of one standard soil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Product Details of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Product Details of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hemin-Catalyzed Oxidative Phenol-Hydrazone [3+3] Cycloaddition Enables Rapid Construction of 1,3,4-Oxadiazines was written by Zuo, Honghua;Qin, Jingyang;Zhang, Wentao;Bashir, Muhammad Adnan;Yu, Qile;Zhao, Weining;Wu, Guojiao;Zhong, Fangrui. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Application of 1146-43-6 This article mentions the following:

Herein, we present a hemin-catalyzed oxidative phenol-hydrazone [3+3] cycloaddition that accommodates a broad spectrum of N-arylhydrazones, a class of less exploited 1,3-dipoles due to their significant Lewis basicity and weak tendency to undergo 1,2-prototropy to form azomethine imines. It renders expedient assembly of diversely functionalized 1,3,4-oxadiazines with excellent atom and step economy. Preliminary mechanistic studies point to the involvement of a one-electron oxidation pathway, which likely differs from the base-promoted aerobic oxidative scenario. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6Application of 1146-43-6).

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 1146-43-6) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Application of 1146-43-6

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Toxicity Testing of Effluent-Dominated Stream Using Predictive Molecular-Level Toxicity Signatures Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study of the Lubbock Canyon Lake System was written by Kumar, Naveen;Zhao, Haoqi Nina;Awoyemi, Olushola;Kolodziej, Edward P.;Crago, Jordan. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.SDS of cas: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

Current aquatic toxicity assessments usually focus on targeted analyses coupled with toxicity testing to determine the impacts of complex mixtures on aquatic organisms. However, based on this approach alone, it is sometimes difficult to explain observed toxicity from the selected chem. analytes. Recent anal. advances such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) can improve the characterizations of the chem. composition of complex mixtures, but the intensive labor required to produce confident identifications limits its utility in high-throughput screening. In the present study, we evaluated a rapid workflow to predict potential toxicity signatures of complex water samples based on high-throughput, tentative HRMS identifications derived from database matching, followed by identification of chem.-ligand interactions and pathway identification. We tested the workflow with water samples from the effluent-dominated Lubbock Canyon Lake System (LCLS). Results across all sites showed that predicted toxicity signatures had little variation when correcting for HRMS false-pos. rates. The most common pathways across sites were gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and α-adrenergic receptor signaling. Alterations to the predicted pathways were successfully observed in larval zebrafish exposures to LCLS water samples. These results may allow researchers to better utilize rapid assessments of HRMS data for the assessment of adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7SDS of cas: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.SDS of cas: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Boosting catalytic activity of δ-MnO₂ through potassium incorporation for efficient carbonylation of amines by carbon dioxide was written by Sun, Dalei;Peng, Liang;Yang, Yating;Fang, Yanxiong;Ping Jiang, San;Shao, Zongping. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of N,N’-dialkylurea from carbonylation of amines with CO₂ over δ-MnO₂ catalyst is a highly attractive green route, however, the catalytic performance of δ-MnO₂ is still far from satisfied. Here, we report a new strategy for fine tuning the physicochem. properties of δ-MnO₂ through KOH hydrothermal activation, resulting in superior catalytic performance with N,N’-dialkylurea yield as high as 77.09% using NMP as solvent at 160°C for 4 h, as compared to only 43.41% for the pristine δ-MnO₂. The yield is further boosted to 92.02% by using PEG 400 as solvent. Systematic anal. based on characterization techniques reveals such superior catalytic performance is closely related to, on the one hand, the potassium-incorporation and catalysis induced modification of the concentration of vacancies of both oxygen and Mn, on the other hand, PEG 400 as solvent is favorable to both absorbance of CO₂ and stability of carbamic acids intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Recommanded Product: 2387-23-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics