Month: January 2023

Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Functionalized Polydiacetylene Containing Cellulose Nanofibrous Composites for Colorimetric Sensing of Organophosphate Compounds was written by Alam, A. K. M. Mashud;Jenks, Donovan;Kraus, George A.;Xiang, Chunhui. And the article was included in Nanomaterials in 2021.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, a family of highly hazardous chem. compounds included in nerve agents and pesticides, have been linked to more than 250,000 annual deaths connected to various chronic diseases. However, a solid-state sensing system that is able to be integrated into a clothing system is rare in the literature. This study aims to develop a nanofiber-based solid-state polymeric material as a soft sensor to detect OP compounds present in the environment. Esters of polydiacetylene were synthesized and incorporated into a cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibrous assembly developed with an electrospinning technique, which was then hydrolyzed to generate more hydroxyl groups for OP binding. SEM, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, Instron tensile tester, contact angle analyzer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy were employed for characterizations. Upon hydrolysis, polydiacetylene esters in the cellulosic fiber matrix were found unaffected by hydrolysis treatment, which made the composites suitable for OP sensing. Furthermore, the nanofibrous (NF) composites exhibited tensile properties suitable to be used as a textile material. Finally, the NF composites exhibited colorimetric sensing of OP, which is visible to the naked eye. This research is a landmark study toward the development of OP sensing in a protective clothing system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Recommanded Product: 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-activity relationship of pyrrole based S-nitrosoglutathione reductase inhibitors: Carboxamide modification was written by Sun, Xicheng;Qiu, Jian;Strong, Sarah A.;Green, Louis S.;Wasley, Jan W. F.;Blonder, Joan P.;Colagiovanni, Dorothy B.;Stout, Adam M.;Mutka, Sarah C.;Richards, Jane P.;Rosenthal, Gary J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Quality Control of 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a member of the alc. dehydrogenase family (ADH) that regulates the levels of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) through catabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). GSNO and SNOs are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including those in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. The pyrrole based N6022 was recently identified as a potent, selective, reversible, and efficacious GSNOR inhibitor which is currently in clin. development for acute asthma. We describe here the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of novel pyrrole based analogs of N6022 focusing on carboxamide modifications on the pendant N-Ph moiety. We have identified potent and novel GSNOR inhibitors that demonstrate efficacy in an ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthma model in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4Quality Control of 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 53297-70-4) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Quality Control of 4-Amino-3-methylbenzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmacological research on new salicylic and gentisic acid derivatives. II. Antipyretic, antialgic, antihyaluronidase, antipermeability, and antiexudative activity was written by Preziosi, P.. And the article was included in Archivio Italiano di Scienze Farmacologiche in 1955.Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2 This article mentions the following:

The various properties for all substances of part I are tabulated with the aim of evaluating their antirheumatic activity: it is concluded that N-diethylsalicylamide, o-ethoxybenzamide, and gentisamide are more active than salicylamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Synthetic Route of C11H15NO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of tertiary amides from anionically activated aromatic trifluoromethyl groups was written by O’Mahony, Gavin;Pitts, Andrew K.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2010.Product Details of 19311-91-2 This article mentions the following:

In this paper, a novel synthesis of tertiary amides from anionically activated aromatic trifluoromethyl groups is presented. Anionically activated trifluoromethyl groups react with secondary amines under aqueous conditions to afford tertiary amides. The mechanism involves initial elimination of hydrogen fluoride by an E1cB mechanism to afford an electrophilic quinone methide- or azafulvene-type intermediate that reacts with secondary amines under aqueous conditions to afford the tertiary amide in good yield (up to 99%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Product Details of 19311-91-2).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Product Details of 19311-91-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of the NK1 Receptor Antagonist GW597599. Part 1: Development of a Scalable Route to a Key Chirally Pure Arylpiperazine was written by Guercio, Giuseppe;Bacchi, Sergio;Goodyear, Michael;Carangio, Antonella;Tinazzi, Francesco;Curti, Stefano. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2008.Electric Literature of C6H12N2O4 This article mentions the following:

GW597599 is a NK-1 antagonist under study for treatment of CNS disorders and emesis. The initial synthetic route devised from the medicinal chem. route, used several hazardous reagents, gave low yields, and produced high levels of wastes. By targeted process of research and development, application of novel techniques, and extensive route scouting, a synthetic route for GW597599 was developed. The optimization of the first stage in the chem. synthesis of GW597599 is described: the development of a pilot-plant process for the synthesis of arylpiperazine derivative as optically pure compound The method eliminates the initial need for cryogenic conditions and copper catalysis in Grignard chem. and allows replacing the classical resolution step with a more efficient dynamic kinetic resolution, substantially enhancing the overall yield and throughput. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1Electric Literature of C6H12N2O4).

N1,N2-Dimethoxy-N1,N2-dimethyloxalamide (cas: 106675-70-1) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Electric Literature of C6H12N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 3,4-difluorobenzonitrile and monofluorobenzonitriles by means of halogen-exchange fluorination was written by Suzuki, Hiroshi;Kimura, Yoshikazu. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry in 1991.Application of 2670-38-4 This article mentions the following:

3,4-Difluorobenzonitrile has been prepared by a halogen-exchange reaction between 3,4-dichlorobenzonitrile and spray-dried potassium fluoride in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide in refluxing 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine-2-one (DMI). In the fluorination reaction, 4-chloro-3-fluorobenzonitrile seems to be a key intermediate. 2-, 3-, And 4-fluorobenzonitriles have also been produced from the corresponding chlorobenzonitriles by halogen-exchange at 290° in DMI in a pressure reactor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Application of 2670-38-4).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Application of 2670-38-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A sustainable one-step pretreatment of cotton gray fabric with 18-crown-6 as phase transfer in supercritical carbon dioxide was written by Zheng, Yuan-Bin;Jia, Jian-Xin;Shi, Wei;Long, Jia-Jie. And the article was included in Journal of Supercritical Fluids in 2021.Formula: C10H16N2O4 This article mentions the following:

With increasing awareness in environmental protection from the world, traditional pretreatment methods for textiles, which entail high costs and cause severe pollutions, can no longer meet the requirements of green and sustainable development in textile industry. Therefore, to explore a new pretreatment method to overcome those drawbacks is of great importance. In this work, green and environmentally friendly method was developed in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid to pretreat cotton gray fabric for removing various impurities with one step and one bath, by utilizing an 18-crown-6 phase transfer system. Various process parameters, such as the pH value of buffer solution, the dosage of phase transfer catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, buffer solution, and the system temperature, pressure, treatment duration, were investigated and optimized by employing the weight loss percent and the capillary rise height as assessment index. The obtained results show that the developed alkali-hydrogen peroxide one-step method involving the 18-crown-6 phase transfer system in supercritical carbon dioxide exhibits a good feasibility for the removal of various sizing agents and other impurities from cotton fabric, and a satisfactory pretreatment performance and efficiency were achieved. The pretreatment parameters showed an important and various effects on the pretreatment efficiency of cotton substrate during a phase transfer oxidative one-step process in supercritical carbon dioxide. Moreover, a phase transfer oxidative one-step process was also recommended for cotton gray fabric pretreatment in supercritical carbon dioxide, by achieving a fabric weight loss at 6.21% and a satisfactory capillary rise height at 8.0 cm under an optimized condition. Addnl., an oxidative one-step pretreatment mechanism by employing 18-crown-6 to phase transfer reactive species for cotton gray fabric in SCF-CO₂ was further supposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Formula: C10H16N2O4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Formula: C10H16N2O4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sodium percarbonate bleaching of cotton knitted fabric was written by Li, Qun-gen;Zhao, Tao. And the article was included in Yinran in 2010.Quality Control of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) This article mentions the following:

In this paper, the influences of concentration of sodium hydroxide, stabilizer EDTA, oxygen bleaching activator tetraacetylethylenediamine, sodium percarbonate and bleaching temperature and time on the whiteness and strength of the bleached fabric, and subsequent dyeing were investigated. The optimum bleaching process of knitted cotton fabric with sodium percarbonate was: sodium hydroxide 4 g/L, tetraacetylethylenediamine 1 g/L, EDTA 2 g/L, sodium percarbonate 10 g/L, bleaching at 80 °C for 60 min. Compared with traditional hydrogen peroxide bleaching, sodium percarbonate bleaching possessed lower temperature, shorter bleaching time, less dosage of sodium hydroxide, satisfactory whiteness and strength of the fabric, without adverse effect on the subsequent dyeing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Quality Control of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Quality Control of N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide)

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-step synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones from Weinreb amides and 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones via cobalt-catalyzed C-H bond activation was written by Tanimoto, Iku;Kawai, Kentaro;Sato, Akane;Yoshino, Tatsuhiko;Matsunaga, Shigeki. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2019.Recommanded Product: 116332-61-7 This article mentions the following:

A one-step synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones e.g., 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one from readily available Weinreb amides I (R = t-Bu, Ph, thiophen-2-yl, etc.) and 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones e.g., N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide under Cp*Co(III) catalysis is described. The reactions proceeded in moderate to good yields with high functional group compatibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7Recommanded Product: 116332-61-7).

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (cas: 116332-61-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Recommanded Product: 116332-61-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Distribution of methotrexate in rat tissues was written by Newbold, P. C. H.. And the article was included in British Journal of Dermatology in 1974.Quality Control of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate This article mentions the following:

Following i.p. injection of tritiated methotrexate di-Na salt (I di-Na salt) [7413-34-5], the amounts of I taken up by the skin and liver of rats were doubled by exptl. folic acid [59-30-3] depletion. In contrast, folate deficiency did not significantly increase I uptake by the kidneys or intestines. Skin uptake of I was increased about 6-fold by prior stripping (psoriasis model); hepatic uptake was still marked in this model. I taken up by the tissues was partially displaced by pteridines with an infinity for dehydrofolate reductase. Displacement was most efficient with I itself, but also significant with both dihydrofolate [4033-27-6] and folic acid and measurable with leucovorin [58-05-9]; 5-methyl folate [53464-60-1] had virtually no effect. Thus, a risk of hepatic injury is probably inseparable from the therapeutic action of I in psoriasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Quality Control of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Quality Control of Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics