Green Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cyclic/Acyclic Ureas from Propylene Carbonate was written by Qaroush, Abdussalam K.;Alsayyed, Ahed W.;Eftaiha, Ala’a F.;Al-Qaisi, Feda’a M.;Salameh, Bader A.. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea This article mentions the following:
Herein, an organocatalyzed synthetic pathway for the preparation of acyclic ureas RHNC(O)NHR (R = Bu, sec-Bu, Ph, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, benzyl)/cyclic ureas I (n = 1, 2) from their parent primary aliphatic or aromatic monoamines NH2(CH2)nCH2NH2/diamines RNH2 with propylene carbonate as a carbonylating agent obtaining reasonable to very good yields with high selectivity has been described. This method is considered green as nine out of twelve green chem. principles (GCPs) are fulfilled. Most importantly, the absence of solvent and, energy-efficient pathway, in addition to the ease of synthesis and separation, under fast reaction times down to a few minutes together with the straightforward workup with min. use of organic solvents are described. This method was successful in preparing 1,3-diphenylurea from aniline giving 8% yield in 10 min, which was not previously reported using aromatic amines with carbonate esters. The method is applicable for primary rather than secondary amines, which implies high chemoselectivity of the former for the synthesis of urea compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea).
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Application In Synthesis of 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics