The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury: current diagnostic ability and future challenges of the digestive disease week-Japan 2004 scale 15 years after its proposal was written by Watanabe, Masaaki;Shibuya, Akitaka;Yokomori, Hiroaki;Koizumi, Wasaburo. And the article was included in Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) in 2021.Product Details of 53902-12-8 This article mentions the following:
This study examined whether or not the Digestive Disease Week-Japan (DDW-J) 2004 scale proposed over 15 years ago can be applied to current cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The new patients group included 125 patients from 2012 to 2019 and was divided into 2 subgroups: 96 patients in the new DILI group and 29 patients in the new non-DILI group. Similarly, the old patients group included 105 patients from 1997 to 2002 and was divided into 2 subgroups: 59 patients in the old DILI group and 46 patients in the old non-DILI group. Patients were assessed by the DDW-J 2004 scale; those with a score ≥3 were defined as having DILI. The total score of the new DILI group was significantly lower than that of the old DILI group [6 (1-11) vs. 6 (3-9), p = 0.004]. The sensitivity, specificity, pos. predictive value, and neg. predictive value (NPV) were 94.8%, 65.6%, 90.1%, and 79.2%, resp., in the new patients group and 100%, 91.4%, 93.7%, and 100%, resp., in the old patients group. The specificity and NPV of the new patients group were significantly lower than those of the old patients group. The DDW-J 2004 scale maintains a stable diagnostic ability for DILI, regardless of differences in eras and verification methods. However, differential diagnoses can affect the scoring, and new types of DILI, such as immune-related adverse events, must be addressed. Therefore, upgrading the scale should be considered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Product Details of 53902-12-8).
2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Product Details of 53902-12-8
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics