Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway mediate cardioprotective effects of Croton urucurana Baill. In hypertensive rats was written by Lopes, Katiana Simoes;Marques, Aline Aparecida Macedo;Moreno, Karyne Garcia Tafarelo;Lorencone, Bethania Rosa;Leite, Patricia Regina Terco;da Silva, Gabriela Pereira;dos Santos, Ariany Carvalho;Souza, Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho;Gasparotto, Francielly Mourao;Cassemiro, Nadla Soares;Lourenco, Emerson Luiz Botelho;Klider, Lislaine Maria;Manfron, Jane;Silva, Denise Brentan;Gasparotto, Arquimedes Junior. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Reference of 10238-21-8 This article mentions the following:
(Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as sangue de draga is a Brazilian species widely used in traditional medicine for cardiovascular ailments. To investigate the cardiovascular effects of the C. urucurana extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Leaves from C. urucurana were collected and morphoanatomically characterized. The ethanol-soluble fraction (ESCU) was obtained and analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. Using female Wistar rats we investigated the acute toxicity of ESCU. Then, SHRs (six months old) received vehicle, hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or ESCU (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the beginning and at the end of treatments, urine samples were obtained to assess renal function. At the end of the trial period, the blood pressure, mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) reactivity, and electrocardiog. profile were evaluated. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, nitrite, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and aldosterone levels were determined Relative organ weights and histopathol. anal. were performed. Finally, the cardiac function on a Langendorff system, as well as the mol. mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effects of ESCU in MVBs were also investigated. The compounds annotated from ESCU by LC-DAD-MS included mainly phenylpropanoid derivatives, alkaloids, O-glycosylated megastigmanes, glycosylated flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and others, such as quercetin O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside, magnoflorine, reticuline, and taspine. None of the animals showed any signs of toxicity. Male SHRs treated only with the vehicle showed important cardiovascular changes, including a reduction in renal function, increase in serum oxidative stress, and hemodynamic, electrocardiog., and morphol. changes typical of hypertensive disease. Moreover, parameters of cardiac function, including left ventricular developed pressure, peak rate of contraction, peak rate of relaxation, and the rate pressure product were significantly altered, showing a significant impairment of ventricular function. All ESCU-doses presented a significant cardioprotective effect in SHRs rats. The 28-day treatment normalized the hemodynamic, electrocardiog., morphol., and renal impairments, as well as reversed the changes in ventricular function induced by hypertension. In MVBs with an intact endothelium, ESCU (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg) dose-dependently induced vasodilation. Endothelium removal or the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevented the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Perfusion with a physiol. saline solution that contained KCl, tetraethylammonium, or apamin also abolished the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Prolonged ESCU-treatment showed significant cardioprotective effects in SHRs. Moreover, the data showed the role of nitric oxide and calcium-activated small conductance potassium channels in the cardiovascular effects of ESCU. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Reference of 10238-21-8).
5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Reference of 10238-21-8
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