Month: December 2022

Al-Huniti, Mohammed H. published the artcileDevelopment and Utilization of a Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydration of Primary Amides To Form Nitriles, Quality Control of 2447-79-2, the publication is Organic Letters (2018), 20(19), 6046-6050, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A palladium(II) catalyst, in the presence of Selectfluor, enables the efficient and chemoselective transformation of primary amides into nitriles. The amides can be attached to aromatic rings, heteroaromatic rings, or aliphatic side chains, and the reactions tolerate steric bulk and electronic modification. Dehydration of a peptaibol containing three glutamine groups afforded structure-activity relationships for each glutamine residue. Thus, this dehydration can act similarly to an alanine scan for glutamines via synthetic mutation.

Organic Letters published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C7H5Cl2NO, Quality Control of 2447-79-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arbizzani, Federica published the artcileIncreasing ergosterol levels delays formin-dependent assembly of F-actin cables and disrupts division plane positioning in fission yeast, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, the publication is Journal of Cell Science (2019), 132(13), jcs227447, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In most eukaryotes, cytokinesis is mediated by the constriction of a contractile acto-myosin ring (CR), which promotes the ingression of the cleavage furrow. Many components of the CR interact with plasma membrane lipids suggesting that lipids may regulate CR assembly and function. Although there is clear evidence that phosphoinositides play an important role in cytokinesis, much less is known about the role of sterols in this process. Here, we studied how sterols influence division plane positioning and CR assembly in fission yeast.We show that increasing ergosterol levels in the plasma membrane blocks the assembly of F-actin cables from cytokinetic precursor nodes, preventing their compaction into a ring. Abnormal F-actin cables form after a delay, leading to randomly placed septa. Since the formin Cdc12 was detected on cytokinetic precursors and the phenotype can be partially rescued by inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex, which competes with formins for F-actin nucleation, we propose that ergosterol may inhibit formin dependent assembly of F-actin cables from cytokinetic precursors.

Journal of Cell Science published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Safety of [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schroth, Werner published the artcileSynthesis and chemical behavior of 6-sec-amino-1,3-thiazine-2-thiones, Quality Control of 14294-10-1, the publication is Monatshefte fuer Chemie (1988), 119(4), 463-76, database is CAplus.

The title compounds I (R = H, Me, OMe, Cl, Br; NR¹R² = pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino) have been prepared by ring transformation reactions of the isomeric 2-sec-amino-1,3-thiazine-6-thiones II (NR³R⁴ = NMe₂, pyrrolidino, morpholino) via R²R¹NCSCH:C(C₆H₄R-4)NHCSNR³R⁴ (III) and via cyclocondensation reactions of thiocarboxamides R²R¹NCSCH:C(C₆H₄R-4)NH₂, and R²R¹N⁺:CClCH:C(C₆H₄R-4)OEt BF₄^– obtained from 4-RC₆H₄COCH:CCl₂. The pathways differ specifically in scope and limitations. On the other hand III also react with alkylating agents to give 2,6-di-sec-amino-1,3-thiazinium salts, which are also available via alkylation of I and aminolysis.

Monatshefte fuer Chemie published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Quality Control of 14294-10-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mameli, E. published the artcileAminolysis of ethylxanthogenacetic acid, Formula: C5H10N2OS, the publication is Atti ist. veneto sci., Classe sci. mat. e nat (1952), 99-100, database is CAplus.

EtOCSSCH₂CO₂H gives with pyrrolidine 90% EtOCSN(CH₂)₄, with piperidine 90% EtOCSN(CH₂)₅, with sulfanilamide 70% EtOCSNHC₆H₄SO₂NH₂-p, with diethanolamine 60% EtOCSN(C₂H₄OH)₂. EtOCSSCH₂CO₂H gives with NH₃ mainly EtOCSNH₂ and small quantities of SC(SCH₂CO₂H)₂.

Atti ist. veneto sci., Classe sci. mat. e nat published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Formula: C5H10N2OS.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mameli, E. published the artcileAminolysis of ethylxanthogenamide, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Atti ist. veneto sci., Classe sci. mat. e nat. (1952), 101-2, database is CAplus.

EtOCSNH₂ in H₂O-EtOH in the cold with pyrrolidine at pH 12-13 gave (CH₂)₄NCSNH₂, with piperidine at pH 13 (CH₂)₅NCSNH₂, at pH 11 EtOCSN(CH₂)₅ with morpholine at pH 13, O(C₂H₄)₂NCSNH₂, at pH 11 EtOCSN(C₂H₄)₂O + [O(C₂H₄)₂NC(:NH)NH₂]₂.H₂.

Atti ist. veneto sci., Classe sci. mat. e nat. published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ongaro, Alberto published the artcileDesign and synthesis of a peptide derivative of ametantrone targeting the major groove of the d(GGCGCC)₂ palindromic sequence, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is New Journal of Chemistry (2020), 44(9), 3624-3631, database is CAplus.

In oncol., some DNA intercalating agents have been used in chemotherapy for years to eradicate cancer cells, but these drugs generally suffer from a lack of selectivity for malignant tissues and consequently induce major side-effects. We report herein the design and synthesis of an antitumor intercalating agent ametantrone complemented with two identical peptide arms including a central Lys residue in order to selectively target palindromic sequences of DNA of malignant cells. The peptide arms are linked to the ametantrone core through 1,2,3-triazole. According to our docking prediction, this compound should be double-stranded β-sheet structured, and it has been designed to interact with two guanine residues upstream from a central d(CpG)₂ intercalation site on each DNA strand, owing to the H-bonds involving the Lys terminal side chain ammonium group of the peptide arms. This new ametantrone derivative has been obtained thanks to a convergent synthetic pathway, whose key steps were double nucleophilic substitution performed on the ametantrone core, followed by “double-site” 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition affording the 1,4-disubstituted triazole linker almost quant. Preliminary binding assays performed by mass spectrometry proved its accuracy for DNA palindromic sequences. The cytotoxicity of this compound was evaluated on three cancer cell lines and one healthy cell line, and compared to that of mitoxantone, a dihydroxylated analog of ametantrone. Such a peptide derivative was about ten-fold less cytotoxic than mitoxantrone on these cancer cell lines, but about fifty times less cytotoxic on healthy cells. This study could open new avenues towards the design of targeted intercalating agents.

New Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, Related Products of amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deal, Brooke published the artcileBehavioral and inflammatory sex differences revealed by celecoxib nanotherapeutic treatment of peripheral neuroinflammation, Name: 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 8472, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Abstract: Neuropathic pain affects millions of people worldwide, yet the mol. mechanisms of how it develops and persists are poorly understood. Given that males have historically been utilized as the primary sex in preclin. studies, less is known about the female neuroinflammatory response to injury, formation of pain, or response to pain-relieving therapies. Macrophages contribute to the development of neuroinflammatory pain via the activation of their cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, which leads to the production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). PGE₂ activates nociception and influences addnl. leukocyte infiltration. Attenuation of COX-2 activity decreases inflammatory pain, most commonly achieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), yet NSAIDs are considered ineffective for neuropathic pain due to off target toxicity. Using chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve, we show that males and females exhibit quant. the same degree of mech. allodynia post injury. Furthermore, a low-dose nanotherapeutic containing the NSAID celecoxib is phagocytosed by circulating monocytes that then naturally accumulate at sites of injury as macrophages. Using this nanotherapeutic, we show that treated males exhibit complete reversal of hypersensitivity, while the same dose of nanotherapeutic in females provides an attenuated relief. The difference in behavioral response to the nanotherapy is reflected in the reduction of infiltrating macrophages at the site of injury. The observations contained in this study reinforce the notion that female neuroinflammation is different than males.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 169590-42-5. 169590-42-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sulfamide,Immunology/Inflammation,COX, name is 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, and the molecular formula is C17H14F3N3O2S, Name: 4-(5-(p-Tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hartmann, Horst published the artcileHeterocyclic dyes and precursors. XVII. Preparation and characterization of 1,1-disubstituted thioureas, Product Details of C5H10N2OS, the publication is Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) (1973), 315(1), 144-8, database is CAplus.

Reaction of RR1NH with R2CONCS (R2 = EtO or Ph) gave RR1NCSNHCOR2 (I), which were heated in concentrated HCl to give RR1NCSNH2 (II, R = Me, Et. Pr, Bu, PhCH2, or Ph; R1 = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, or PhCH2; RR1N = morpholino, piperidino, or 1-pyrrolidinyl).

Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Product Details of C5H10N2OS.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Neumann, Wilhelm P. published the artcileSyntheses with the compounds R₃M-Hg-MR₃. Part XVII. N-Silyl and N-germylpyridinyl radicals and their stabilization reactions, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide, the publication is Chemische Berichte (1979), 112(3), 936-49, database is CAplus.

The reactions of pyridines functionally substituted in the 2-, 3-, or 4-position with (Me₃Si)₂Hg (I) or (Me₃Ge)₂Hg are described. With I the initially formed N-silylpyridinyls yield mostly N,ω-bis(silyl) derivatives (e.g., II from N,N-diethyl-4-pyridinecarboxamide) and tetrahydro-4,4′- or -2,2′-bipyridines, depending on mesomeric and steric conditions. Pyridine 2- or 3-acyl derivatives yield O-silylated hydropyridoins (Me₃SiOCRR¹)₂ (R = 2-pyridyl, R¹ = H or Me; R = 3-pyridyl, R¹ = Ph). 2-Cyanopyridine forms a persistent N-silylpyridinyl. N-Germylpyridinyls are formed only for pyridines of low electron d. or in cases involving strong mesomeric stabilization. ESR data are given for most of the radicals.

Chemische Berichte published new progress about 530-40-5. 530-40-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C10H14N2O, Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yadav, Suman published the artcileAerobic oxidation of primary amines to amides catalyzed by an annulated mesoionic carbene (MIC) stabilized Ru complex, Synthetic Route of 1453-82-3, the publication is Catalysis Science & Technology (2021), 11(21), 7018-7028, database is CAplus.

Catalytic aerobic oxidation of primary amines to the amides, using the precatalyst [Ru(COD)(L¹)Br₂] bearing an annulated π-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-based mesoionic carbene ligand L¹, was disclosed. This catalytic protocol was distinguished by its high activity and selectivity, wide substrate scope and modest reaction conditions. A variety of primary amines, RCH₂NH₂ (R = aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic), were converted to the corresponding amides using ambient air as an oxidant in the presence of a sub-stoichiometric amount of KO^tBu in ^tBuOH. A set of control experiments, Hammett relationships, kinetic studies and DFT calculations were undertaken to divulge mechanistic details of the amine oxidation using [Ru(COD)(L¹)Br₂]. The catalytic reaction involveed abstraction of two amine protons and two benzylic hydrogen atoms of the metal-bound primary amine by the oxo and hydroxo ligands, resp. A β-hydride transfer step for the benzylic C-H bond cleavage was not supported by Hammett studies. The nitrile generated by the catalytic oxidation undergoes hydration to afford the amide as the final product.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C11H15NOS, Synthetic Route of 1453-82-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics