Month: December 2022

Kjaer, Anders published the artcilePaper chromatography of thioureas, Synthetic Route of 14294-10-1, the publication is Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1953), 528-36, database is CAplus.

Nature 171, Number 4358, 840-1 (1953). The paper chromatog. separation and identification of a number of thioureas and related compounds were studied. Two developing agents were used, the Grote reagent (C.A. 25, 5876), where the spots were heated briefly at 100°, and starch solution followed by the Feigl iodine-azide reagent. H₂O-saturated CHCl₃ was used as the mobile solvent and H₂O as the stationary phase, with Number 1 Whatman paper and at 23.5 ± 0.2°. The ascending technique was used, with special precautions to ensure equilibrium in the chamber. Precise details of technique are given. The R_Ph values (the ratio between the distance traveled by the component and H₂NCSNHPh) were as follows: for RNHCSNH₂, where R is H 0.00, Me 0.04, Et (I) 0.15, Pr 0.42, iso-Pr (II) 0.41, Bu 0.84, iso-Bu (III) 0.76, sec-Bu 0.74, tert-Bu 1.00, iso-pentyl 1.07, benzyl 0.90, PhC₂H₄ 1.10, allyl 0.26, α-methallyl 0.74, β-methallyl 0.62, trans-crotyl 0.78, 3-butenyl 0.61, p-BrC₆H₄ 1.00, p-IC₆H₄ 1.06, o-tolyl 1.19, m-tolyl 1.25, and p-tolyl 1,22. The R_Ph values for RR’NCSNHR” were, where R, R’, and R” are, resp., Me, H, Me, 0.42; Me, H, Et, 0.89; Et, H, Et, 1.24; Me, H, Bu (IV), 1.35; Bu, H, Bu, 1.41; Me, H, Ph, 1.40; Et, H, Ph, 1.41; Me, Me, H, 0.60; R and R’ are pentamethylene, R”is H, 1.18; and R and R’ are 3-oxapentamethylene (V), R” is H, 0.55. The R_Ph values for a number of other substituted thioureas and thiocompds. were: ethylenethiourea 0.26, trimethylthiourea 1.21, ,N-methyl-4-morpholinethiocarboxamide (VI) 1.17, the following thiocarboxamides: N-ethyl-4-morpholine- (VII) 1.27-N-allyl-4-morpholine- (VIII) 1.31, N-methyl-l-piperidine- 1.37, N-methyl-1-pyrrolidine- 1.35, and N-ethyl-1-pyrrolidine-1.37; tetramethylthiourea 1.43, thioacetamide 0.25, thiobenzamide 0.79, thiosemicarbazide 0.00, 4-methylthiosemicarbazide 0.20, 1,1,4-trimethylthiosemicarbazide 1.32, 1-phenylthiosemicarbazide 0.55, thiobarbituric acid 0.00, and the following derivatives: 5-ethyl- 0.00, 5,5-diethyl- 1.30, 5-methyl-5-allyl- 1.19, and 5,5-diallyl- 1.37. Im. 110-11° (from EtOAc), II m. 169-70° (from H₂O), III (prepared from iso-BuNH₂ and CSCl₂) m. 100-1° (from H₂O), IV m. 40-1° (from EtOAc-petr. ether), VI m. 102.5-3.5° (from EtOAc-petr. ether), VII m. 81.5-2.5° (from EtOH-Et₂O), and VIII (from CH₂:CHCH₂NCS and morpholine) m. 64.5° (from aqueous EtOH). In the preparation of V, 7.3 g. CNBr in Et₂O was added slowly to 12.0 g. morpholine in cold Et₂O, the mixture filtered, the Et₂O evaporated, and the residue distilled twice in vacuo to give 5.5 g. 4-cyanomorpholine, b_0.9 74.5°, which in EtOH was saturated with NH₃ and H₂S; the mixture, let stand overnight and concentrated on a water bath, was filtered and diluted with Et₂O to give V, m. 171° (from EtOH-Et₂O).

Acta Chemica Scandinavica published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Synthetic Route of 14294-10-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volpi, Stefano published the artcileSubmonomeric strategy with minimal protection for the synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids, Name: H-Lys(Boc)-OH, the publication is Organic Letters (2021), 23(3), 902-907, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) is proposed, using a submonomeric strategy with minimally protected building blocks, which allowed a reduction in the required synthetic steps. N(3)-unprotected, D-Lys- and D-Arg-based backbones were used to obtain pos. charged PNAs with high optical purity, as inferred from chiral GC measurements. “Chiral-box” PNAs targeting the G12D point mutation of the KRAS gene were produced using this method, showing improved sequence selectivity for the mutated- vs wild-type DNA strand with respect to unmodified PNAs.

Organic Letters published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C5H5F3O2, Name: H-Lys(Boc)-OH.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volpi, Stefano published the artcileSubmonomeric strategy with minimal protection for the synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids, Name: 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, the publication is Organic Letters (2021), 23(3), 902-907, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel synthesis of C(2)-modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) is proposed, using a submonomeric strategy with minimally protected building blocks, which allowed a reduction in the required synthetic steps. N(3)-unprotected, D-Lys- and D-Arg-based backbones were used to obtain pos. charged PNAs with high optical purity, as inferred from chiral GC measurements. “Chiral-box” PNAs targeting the G12D point mutation of the KRAS gene were produced using this method, showing improved sequence selectivity for the mutated- vs wild-type DNA strand with respect to unmodified PNAs.

Organic Letters published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H19BrS, Name: 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fortunati, Simone published the artcileNovel amperometric genosensor based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes immobilized on carbon nanotubes-screen printed electrodes for the determination of trace levels of non-amplified DNA in genetically modified (GM) soy, HPLC of Formula: 186046-83-3, the publication is Biosensors & Bioelectronics (2019), 7-14, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel amperometric genosensor based on PNA probes covalently bound on the surface of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes – Screen Printed Electrodes (SWCNT-SPEs) was developed and validated in samples of non-amplified genomic DNA extracted from genetically modified (GM)-Soy. The sandwich assay is based on a first recognition of a 20-mer portion of the target DNA by a complementary PNA Capture Probe (CP) and a second hybridization with a PNA Signalling Probe (SP), with a complementary sequence to a different portion of the target DNA. The SP was labeled with biotin to measure current signal by means of a final incubation of an Alk. Phosphatase-streptavidin conjugate (ALP-Strp). The electrochem. detection was carried out using hydroquinone diphosphate (HQDP) as enzymic substrate. The genoassay provided a linear range from 250 pM to 2.5 nM, LOD of 64 pM and LOQ of 215 pM Excellent selectivity towards one base mismatch (1-MM) or scrambled (SCR) sequences was obtained. A simple protocol for extraction and anal. of non-amplified soybean genomic DNA without sample treatment was developed and validated. Our study provides insight into how the outstanding recognition efficiency of PNAs can be combined with the unique properties of CNTs in terms of signal response enhancement for direct detection of genomic DNA samples at the level of interest without previous amplification.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, HPLC of Formula: 186046-83-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Baptista, Joao A. published the artcileDihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors: The Pharmacophore as a Guide for Co-Crystal Screening, HPLC of Formula: 1453-82-3, the publication is Molecules (2021), 26(21), 6721, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this work, co-crystal screening was carried out for two important dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, trimethoprim (TMP) and pyrimethamine (PMA), and for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAP), which is the pharmacophore of these active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The isomeric pyridinecarboxamides and two xanthines, theophylline (THEO) and caffeine (CAF), were used as co-formers in the same exptl. conditions, in order to evaluate the potential for the pharmacophore to be used as a guide in the screening process. In silico co-crystal screening was carried out using BIOVIA COSMOquick and exptl. screening was performed by mechanochem. and supported by (solid + liquid) binary phase diagrams, IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The in silico prediction of low propensities for DAP, TMP and PMA to co-crystallize with pyridinecarboxamides was confirmed: a successful outcome was only observed for DAP + nicotinamide. Successful synthesis of multicomponent solid forms was achieved for all three target mols. with theophylline, with DAP co-crystals revealing a greater variety of stoichiometries. The crystalline structures of a (1:2) TMP:THEO co-crystal and of a (1:2:1) DAP:THEO:ethyl acetate solvate were solved. This work demonstrated the possible use of the pharmacophore of DHFR inhibitors as a guide for co-crystal screening, recognizing some similar trends in the outcome of association in the solid state and in the mol. aggregation in the co-crystals, characterized by the same supramol. synthons.

Molecules published new progress about 1453-82-3. 1453-82-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is Isonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, HPLC of Formula: 1453-82-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Yang published the artcileInducible Alkylation of DNA by a Quinone Methide-Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugate, Category: amides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Biochemistry (2012), 51(5), 1020-1027, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The reversibility of alkylation by a quinone methide intermediate (QM) avoids the irreversible consumption that plagues most reagents based on covalent chem. and allows for site specific reaction that is controlled by the thermodn. rather than kinetics of target association This characteristic was originally examined with an oligonucleotide QM conjugate, but broad application depends on alternative derivatives that are compatible with a cellular environment. Now, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) derivative has been constructed and shown to exhibit an equivalent ability to deliver the reactive QM in a controlled manner. This new conjugate demonstrates high selectivity for a complementary sequence of DNA even when challenged with an alternative sequence containing a single T/T mismatch. Alternatively, alkylation of noncomplementary sequences is only possible when a template strand is present to colocalize the conjugate and its target. For efficient alkylation in this example, a single-stranded region of the target is required adjacent to the QM conjugate. Most importantly, the intrastrand self-adducts formed between the PNA and its attached QM remained active and reversible over more than 8 days in aqueous solution prior to reaction with a chosen target added subsequently.

Biochemistry published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Category: amides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bhatt, L. published the artcileRecent advances in clinical development of leukotriene B4 pathway drugs, Product Details of C12H23N3S, the publication is Seminars in Immunology (2017), 65-73, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 1990s. Over the past 15 years, a second wave of more selective drug candidates, including at least 5 BLT antagonists and 6 LTA4H inhibitors, have reached Phase 2 clin. trials. Despite the extensive efforts to discover and develop LTB4 pathway targeting drugs, only one has reached the market to date. Recently discovered complexities in the pathway and challenges in matching pathway intervention with therapeutic effect could explain the limited clin. success of LTB4 pathway drugs, even though there is a large body of scientific evidence linking LTB4 to human diseases and demonstrating efficacy of these compounds in a wide array of preclin. models. Herein, we describe the clin. programs for the most prominent recent examples from each broad class and discuss the clin. outcomes and their implications for future development of LTB4 pathway drugs.

Seminars in Immunology published new progress about 321673-30-7. 321673-30-7 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Immunology/Inflammation,Scavenger receptor, name is [(2-Hexylcyclopentylidene)amino]thiourea, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Product Details of C12H23N3S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mirkovic, Jelena published the artcileOn the structures of 5-(4-, 3- and 2-methoxyphenylazo)-3-cyano-1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone: An experimental and theoretical study, Name: 2-Cyano-N-ethylacetamide, the publication is Dyes and Pigments (2014), 160-168, database is CAplus.

In this work, a combined exptl. and theor. study on the structures of methoxy substituted 5-phenylazo-3-cyano-1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridones has been reported. The dyes under the investigation have been thoroughly characterized. X-ray single-crystal anal. shows that 5-(4-methoxyphenylazo)-3-cyano-1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone crystallizes in the hydrazone form. Quantum chem. calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of the investigated dyes have been performed using d. functional theory. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by d. functional theory calculations are in good conformity with the single-crystal data. The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers, as well as their intensities have been calculated and a good agreement between observed and scaled calculated wavenumbers has been achieved. Stability of the mol. arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital anal. Vibrational, NMR and natural bond orbital anal. confirm that the prepared dyes exist in the hydrazone tautomeric form in the solid state and DMSO solution

Dyes and Pigments published new progress about 15029-36-4. 15029-36-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Nitrile,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 2-Cyano-N-ethylacetamide, and the molecular formula is C5H8N2O, Name: 2-Cyano-N-ethylacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Grossmann, Tom N. published the artcileTarget-catalyzed transfer reactions for the amplified detection of RNA, Formula: C40H35N7O8, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2008), 47(37), 7119-7122, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Strong signals: The RNA-catalyzed transfer of a biotin reporter was used to preamplify a signal that was detected in an enzyme-based readout, thereby increasing its sensitivity. The advantages of combining the covalent attachment of biotin and preamplification were demonstrated by the detection of 500 attomol HIV RNA. The flexibility requirements of DNA- and RNA-catalyzed transfer reactions were tested.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 186046-83-3. 186046-83-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Purine,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Others,PNA,, name is 2-(N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-5H-purin-9(6H)-yl)acetamido)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C40H35N7O8, Formula: C40H35N7O8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

D’Amario, Domenico published the artcileAssociation between dosing and combination use of medications and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the S wedish Heart Failure Registry, Application In Synthesis of 137862-53-4, the publication is European Journal of Heart Failure (2022), 24(5), 871-884, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To assess the association between combination, dose and use of current guideline-recommended target doses (TD) of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi) and β-blockers, and outcomes in a large and unselected contemporary cohort of patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. Overall, 17 809 outpatients registered in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) from May 2000 to Dec. 2018, with ejection fraction <40% and duration of HF ≥90 days were selected. Primary outcome was a composite of time to cardiovascular death and first HF hospitalization. Compared with no use of RASi or ARNi, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 0.83 (0.76-0.91) with <50% of TD, 0.78 (0.71-0.86) with 50%-99%, and 0.73 (0.67-0.80) with ≥100% of TD. Compared with no use of β-blockers, the adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.76-0.91), 0.81 (0.74-0.89) and 0.74 (0.68-0.82) with <50%, 50%-99% and ≥100% of TD, resp. Patients receiving both an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/ARNi and a β-blocker at 50%-99% of TD had a lower adjusted risk of the primary outcome compared with patients only receiving one drug, i.e. ACEi/ARB/ARNi or β-blocker, even if this was at ≥100% of TD. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients using higher doses of RASi or ARNi and β-blockers had lower risk of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Use of two drug classes at 50%-99% of TD dose was associated with lower risk than one drug class at 100% of TD.

European Journal of Heart Failure published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Application In Synthesis of 137862-53-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics