Month: December 2022

Sattler, Hans J. published the artcileNMR spectroscopy of heterocycles, 2. Ring alkylated and isomeric nicetamide derivatives, COA of Formula: C10H14N2O, the publication is Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) (1976), 309(3), 222-8, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Barriers to amide group rotation (ΔG*) in I (R = H, Me; R1 = H, Me; R2 = H, CONEt2; R3 = H, Me), II, and III (R = H, Me, CONEt2) were determined via 1H NMR spectral data. The ΔG* values ranged from 14.9 to 17.5 kcal/mole.

Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about 530-40-5. 530-40-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C10H14N2O, COA of Formula: C10H14N2O.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sattler, H. J. published the artcileStructure-activity relations in analeptics of nicethamide type. I. Diethylamides of homologs and vinylogs of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids, Computed Properties of 530-40-5, the publication is Arzneimittel-Forschung (1974), 24(5), 743-6, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The diethylamides I and II (bond in 3 or 4 position, Z = bond, CH2, CH2CH2, or CH:CH) were prepared and showed respiratory analeptic activities in rabbits. I were prepared in 68-76% yield by reaction of the corresponding pyridinecarboxylic acid with ClCO2Et and Et2NH. II were prepared by reaction of acetylpyridines with MeONa and HCO2Et and subsequently with Et2NH.

Arzneimittel-Forschung published new progress about 530-40-5. 530-40-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C10H14N2O, Computed Properties of 530-40-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sinks, Glendon D. published the artcileCorrelation of Tetrahymena and Pimephales toxicity: evaluation of 100 additional compounds, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, the publication is Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2001), 20(4), 917-921, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In the summary/recommendations for the Ecotoxicol. Session of TestSmart-a Humane and Efficient Approach to Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) Data Workshop, it was recommended that more population growth impairment data using Tetrahymena be generated and compared with available lethality data for the fathead minnow. To comply with this recommendation, 100 addnl. chems. were tested in the ciliate assay. Toxicity values for the 96-h Pimephales promelas mortality assay (log[LC50^-1]) and the 2-d Tetrahymena pyriformis growth assay (log[IGC50^-1]) were compared. Each chem. was a priori assigned a mode of action. The majority of compounds were classified as either narcotics (n = 46) or direct-acting electro(nucleo)philes (n = 43), while 11 chems. were listed as carboxylic acids, diesters, proelectrophiles, or weak acid respiratory uncouplers. Toxicities for narcotics showed an excellent relationship between endpoints with the coefficient of determination (r²) being 0.93. A weaker relationship, r² = 0.78, was observed for the electro(nucleo)philes. The poorer fit for the covalent-reacting electro(nucleo)philes is attributed to differences in protocol, in particular, to test-medium composition and exposure scheme. Those chems. whose potency is mediated by metabolism in fish (diesters and proelectrophiles) as well as the acids exhibited a poor correlation between endpoints, with toxicity in the fish assay being greater than that predicted from the ciliate data. The regression anal. between endpoints, regardless of mode or mechanism of toxic action, yielded the model log(LC50^-1) = 1.12(log[IGC50^-1]) + 0.46, with n = 92, r² = 0.82, s (root of the mean square error) = 0.87, F = 399, and p > F = 0.0001. A result for the present investigation supports earlier findings that, with noted exceptions, there is a strong relationship between toxicity potency as quantified by P. promelas mortality and T. pyriformis growth impairment.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published new progress about 2447-79-2. 2447-79-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Benzene,Amide, name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: 2,4-Dichlorobenzamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hass, Howard C. published the artcileThermally reversible homopolymer gel systems, Formula: C5H8N2O2, the publication is Journal of Polymer Science (1964), 2(Pt. B;12), 1095-6, database is CAplus.

A mixture of 15 g. glycinamide-HCl, 100 ml. Et₂O, and 14.6 g. CH₂:CHCOCl was treated at 0-5° with a solution of 38 g. K₂CO₃ in 40 ml. H₂O. The mixture was stirred 1 hr., the aqueous layer evaporated in vacuo at 35°, and the residue recrystallized from Me₂CO to yield 12 g. N-acetamidoacrylamide, m. 129° (I). N-Acetamidomethacrylamide, m. 138°, was similarly prepared The monomers polymerized readily in H₂O or alc. in the presence of radical producing catalysts. The polymers are soluble in H₂O and yield thermally reversible gels. Thus, a 5% solution of polymer, prepared from I in alc., afforded a gel which melted sharply at 38.9° and reformed at 35.6°. The polymers are compatible with photographic gelatin solutions and, like gelatin, can be hardened by HCHO or dialdehydes.

Journal of Polymer Science published new progress about 2479-62-1. 2479-62-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Monomers,Acrylamide Monomers, name is N-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)acrylamide, and the molecular formula is C5H8N2O2, Formula: C5H8N2O2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kleinpeter, Erich published the artcileThe Interplay of Thio(seleno)amide/Vinylogous Thio(seleno)amide “Resonance” and the Anisotropic Effect of Thiocarbonyl and Selenocarbonyl Functional Groups, Recommanded Product: Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2005), 70(17), 6592-6602, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Amino-substituted thio(seleno)acrylamides 1-4 (I–IV) were synthesized and their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra assigned. Both the NMR data and the results of theor. calculations at the ab initio level of theory were employed to elucidate the adopted structures of the compounds in terms of E/Z isomerism and s-cis/s-trans configuration. In the case of the asym. N(Me)Ph-substituted compounds, ab initio GIAO-calculated ring current effects of the N-Ph group were applied to successfully determine the preferred conformer bias. The restricted rotations about the two C-N partial double bonds were studied by DNMR and the barriers to rotation (ΔG_c^⧧) determined at the coalescence temperatures, and these were discussed with respect to the structural differences between the compounds The barriers to rotation were also calculated at the ab initio level of theory where the best results (R² = 0.8746) were obtained only with inclusion of the solvent at the SCIPCM-HF/6-31G* level of theory. The calculations also provided means of assessing structural influences which were not available due to inaccessible rotation barriers. By means of natural bond orbital (NBO) anal. of 1-4, the occupation numbers of nitrogen lone pairs and bonding/antibonding π/π* orbitals were shown to quant. describe thio(seleno)amide/vinylogous thio(seleno)amide “resonance”. Finally, the thio(seleno)carbonyl anisotropic effect was quant. calculated by the GIAO method and visualized by isochem. shielding surfaces (ICSS). Only marginal differences between the two anisotropic effects were calculated and are therefore of questionable utility for previous and future applications with respect to stereochem. assignments.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 14294-10-1. 14294-10-1 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiourea,Amine,Amide, name is Morpholine-4-carbothioamide, and the molecular formula is C5H10N2OS, Recommanded Product: Morpholine-4-carbothioamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Forkel, Susann published the artcileThe benefit of late readings in patch testing depends both on allergen and patient characteristics, HPLC of Formula: 79-07-2, the publication is Allergy (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2022), 77(5), 1477-1485, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Patch test (PT) readings are recommended after 48 h and 72 h (D3). An addnl. day 7 (D7) reading has been suggested by some, although data on efficient patient selection are scarce. We investigated pos. D7 reactions regarding (i) allergens in the baseline series and addnl. PT series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and (ii) characteristics of the patients tested. Retrospective, multicentre anal. of 190 allergens derived from 17 DKG test series in 4687 patients with an addnl. D7 reading. Patients were patch tested with the baseline series and addnl. series, if required. Occurrence of novel D7 reactions as well as increasing skin reactions from D3 to D7 was analyzed sep. Depending on the allergen tested, waiving D7 readings would have missed 4.4-26.8% of pos. PT results. Patch test series with the highest number of novel D7 reactions were baseline series, metal series, and leather/shoe series. New pos. reactions on D7 were associated with age over 50 years and with a neg. irritant control containing sodium lauryl sulfate. Of note, application of the PT allergens for 48 h instead of 24 h was pos. associated with late PT reactions. Within the most frequently tested allergens, without late readings, on average 11.7% of sensitizations would have been missed. Novel late reacting allergens were identified. This study comprehensively dissects patient-, allergen- and test-dependent parameters in support for D7 readings. We propose to always consider late readings individually based on effort-benefit considerations.

Allergy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, HPLC of Formula: 79-07-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schaefer, Olga published the artcileInvestigation of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides by X-ray diffraction for controlled ring-opening polymerization, SDS of cas: 2418-95-3, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2019), 60(3), 272-275, database is CAplus.

The need for a scalable synthesis of not sequence defined polypeptides as biomaterials is met by the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Even though this polymerization technique appears straight forward, it holds pitfalls in terms of reproducibility and overall control over the polymerization conditions, which depends, beside choice of solvent or initiator, significantly on reagent purity. In addition, the synthesis of monomers can lead to the formation of racemic amino acids. Thus, in this work, we describe the benefits of highly pure monomers in order to control nucleophilic ring-opening polymerization NCAs. Hereby, monomer purity is investigated by relating m.ps. of NCAs with single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction crystallog. data, which further proves retained stereo-information of NCAs.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 2418-95-3. 2418-95-3 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amino acide derivatives, name is H-Lys(Boc)-OH, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, SDS of cas: 2418-95-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lieber, Charles M. published the artcileKinetic studies of ligand substitution rates for the Ru(NH₃)₅(H₂O)²⁺ ion in Nafion films, Synthetic Route of 530-40-5, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1986), 108(20), 6103-8, database is CAplus.

Substitution rates were measured for reaction of a number of pyridines with the Nafion-bound Ru(NH₃)₅(H₂O)²⁺ complex. Reaction activities were determined by electrochem. techniques, which also allow for determination of site thermodn. and heterogeneity during the course of the reaction. Diffusion-coefficient effects were investigated by variation in polymer film thickness, and partition coefficients were determined under equilibrium conditions by optical absorbance techniques. The partition-coefficient corrected rate law is 1st order in Nafion-bound [Ru^II] and first order in ligand concentration in the polymer phase. The partition-coefficient corrected bimol. rate constants for a variety of pyridine ligands vary by a factor of 5, which contrasts with the relatively constant substitution rates observed in aqueous solution Also, sterically hindered ligands, such as 2-pyropylpyridine, have surprisingly high substitution rate constants on the Nafion-bound Ru^II ion. These rate data indicate that pronounced mol. reactivity changes can occur upon electrode modification and have implications with respect to the design of chem. modified electrodes for use in electrocatalysis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 530-40-5. 530-40-5 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Amine,Amide, name is N,N-Diethylisonicotinamide, and the molecular formula is C10H14N2O, Synthetic Route of 530-40-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Esser, Nathalie published the artcileInsulinotropic Effects of Neprilysin and/or Angiotensin Receptor Inhibition in Mice., Synthetic Route of 137862-53-4, the publication is Frontiers in endocrinology (2022), 888867, database is MEDLINE.

Treatment of heart failure with the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan improved glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The relative contribution of neprilysin inhibition versus angiotensin II receptor antagonism to this glycemic benefit remains unknown. Thus, we sought to determine the relative effects of the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril versus the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan on beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of reduced first-phase insulin secretion, and whether any beneficial effects are additive/synergistic when combined in sacubitril/valsartan. High fat-fed C57BL/6J mice treated with low-dose streptozotocin (or vehicle) were followed for eight weeks on high fat diet alone or supplemented with sacubitril, valsartan or sacubitril/valsartan. Body weight and fed glucose levels were assessed weekly. At the end of the treatment period, insulin release in response to intravenous glucose, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell mass were determined. Sacubitril and valsartan, but not sacubitril/valsartan, lowered fasting and fed glucose levels and increased insulin release in diabetic mice. None of the drugs altered insulin sensitivity or beta-cell mass, but all reduced body weight gain. Effects of the drugs on insulin release were reproduced in angiotensin II-treated islets from lean C57BL/6J mice, suggesting the insulin response to each of the drugs is due to a direct effect on islets and mechanisms therein. In summary, sacubitril and valsartan each exert beneficial insulinotropic, glycemic and weight-reducing effects in obese and/or diabetic mice when administered alone; however, when combined, mechanisms within the islet contribute to their inability to enhance insulin release.

Frontiers in endocrinology published new progress about 137862-53-4. 137862-53-4 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Angiotensin Receptor, name is (S)-2-(N-((2′-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C24H29N5O3, Synthetic Route of 137862-53-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Penalver, Lilian published the artcileA ligand selection strategy identifies chemical probes targeting the proteases of SARS-CoV-2, Application of 2-Chloroacetamide, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2021), 60(12), 6799-6806, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Activity-based probes are valuable tools for chem. biol. However, finding probes that specifically target the active site of an enzyme remains a challenging task. Herein, we present a ligand selection strategy that allows to rapidly tailor electrophilic probes to a target of choice and showcase its application for the two cysteine proteases of SARS-CoV-2 as proof of concept. The resulting probes were specific for the active site labeling of 3CL^pro and PL^pro with sufficient selectivity in a live cell model as well as in the background of a native human proteome. Exploiting the probes as tools for competitive profiling of a natural product library identified salvianolic acid derivatives as promising 3CL^pro inhibitors. We anticipate that our ligand selection strategy will be useful to rapidly develop customized probes and discover inhibitors for a wide range of target proteins also beyond corona virus proteases.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 79-07-2. 79-07-2 belongs to amides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide,Inhibitor, name is 2-Chloroacetamide, and the molecular formula is C2H4ClNO, Application of 2-Chloroacetamide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics