Month: December 2022

Quaternary ammonium-functionalized carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in aqueous medium was written by Gao, Kezheng;Guo, Yaqing;Niu, Qingyuan;Han, Lifeng;Zhou, Liming;Wang, Lizhen. And the article was included in Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical in 2018.Formula: C13H24N2O This article mentions the following:

A new fluorescence nanosensor for sensitive and selective 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) detn is reported based on (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CTA) functionalized carbon dots (CTA-CDs). CM-cellulose sodium (CMC)-4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA) mixture was heated to prep passivated CDs. Then CTA was grafted onto the surface of the passivated CDs by esterification reaction to form quaternary ammonium-functionalized CTA-CDs. Therefore, the CTA-CDs are used as a sensor for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in water via mol interactions (electrostatic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions) between TNP and CTA-CDs. A limit of detection of the CTA-CDs for TNP in aq soln is 7.04 × 10^-7 mol/L, which is lower than that of the passivated CDs for TNP (3.03 × 10^-6 mol/L). In addition, compared with various org reagents, the CTA-CDs exhibit significantly sensitive and selective sensing towards TNP in aq medium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Formula: C13H24N2O).

1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Formula: C13H24N2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simulated sunlight-induced photodegradations of triasulfuron and cinosulfuron in aqueous solutions was written by Vulliet, E.;Emmelin, C.;Grenier-Loustallot, M. F.;Paiesse, O.;Chovelon, J. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2002.Safety of 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

To elucidate the photochem. behavior of two sulfonylureas (cinosulfuron and triasulfuron) for which the chem. formulas are relatively close, their photodegradation was studied in water. All experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using a xenon arc lamp as the source of radiation to simulate environmental conditions. Polychromatic quantum efficiencies were calculated to determine the photochem. pesticide lifetimes at pH 7, and a comparison with hydrolysis lifetimes has been performed. The results obtained showed clearly that at pH 7, photodegradation becomes a more important pathway than chem. degradation HPLC-DAD was used to study the kinetics for both sulfonylureas and their photoproducts, whereas HPLC-MS (ESI in pos. and neg. modes) was used to identify photoproducts. These results suggest that the photodegradation of these two sulfonylureas proceeds via a number of reaction pathways: (1) cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge; (2) desulfonylation, which can proceed either by a carbon-sulfur cleavage or a nitrogen-sulfur cleavage; (3) O-demethylation of methoxy moieties present on the triazine ring; and (4) O-dealkylation of benzene derivatives In addition, it was found that the desulfonylation represented the main step and that it was wavelength dependent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 82097-01-6Safety of 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide).

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 82097-01-6) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Safety of 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Directed ortho metalation of N,N-diethyl benzamides. Methodology and regiospecific synthesis of useful contiguously tri- and tetra-substituted oxygenated aromatics, phthalides and phthalic anhydrides was written by De Silva, S. O.;Reed, J. N.;Billedeau, R. J.;Wang, X.;Norris, D. J.;Snieckus, V.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1992.Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethylsalicylamide This article mentions the following:

Full exptl. details for the directed ortho metalation approach to o-RC₆H₄CONEt₂ (R = e.g., CO₂H, CO₂Me, CONEt₂, CHO, OH, Br, F, organometallic) and contiguously 1,2,3- and 1,2,3,4-substituted benzamides, I and II (R = CHO, CO₂H, OH), and III and IV [R = Me, (RR) = CH₂; R¹ = e.g., Me, CO₂H] are given. The efficient conversion of benzamides I–IV (R or R¹ = H) into phthalides (e.g., V; Z = H₂) and phthalic anhydrides (e.g., V; Z = O), compounds previously available by demanding, classical methods, is detailed. A short synthesis of isoochracinic acid is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethylsalicylamide).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Recommanded Product: N,N-Diethylsalicylamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization, stability and solubility of co-amorphous systems of glibenclamide and L-arginine at different pH was written by Aragon-Aburto, Salma O.;Mondragn-Vasquez, Karina;Valerio-Alfaro, Gerardo;Dominguez-Chavez, Jorge G.. And the article was included in Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2022.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

To investigate the stability and solubility of co-amorphous systems of glibenclamide (GBC) with L-arginine (L-Arg) at different pH values. Three co-amorphous solids of GBC and L-Arg were obtained by fast solvent evaporation using 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries. All co-amorphous systems were characterized by XRPD, FTIR, RAMAN and NMR-solid state as well as thermal techniques such as DSC and TGA. The stability of coamorphous systems was evaluated by indicative stability and stability in relevant physiol. media was measured at different pH values. The chem. characterization suggest that there was no proton transference between L-Arg and GBC indicative of co-amorphous solids. Stability studies showed that all the co-amorphous solids are unstable under humid conditions and only the co-amorphous system of GBC: L-Arg 1:2 was stable in all the pH values tested. Solubility studies at different pH values showed that the co-amorphous GBC: L-Arg 1:1 and 1:2, showed increasing solubility values even at pH > 7 (0.6468 mg/mL at pH 1.2 for coamorphous GBC: L-Arg 1:2 at the first hour) where free GBC was not soluble Co-amorphous systems of GBC and L-Arg, is an interesting strategy to increase the solubility of poorly-soluble drugs at acidic pH values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Synthetic Route of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Indiplon: Treatment of insomnia GABA-A agonist was written by Sorbera, L. A.;Castaner, J.;Martin, L.. And the article was included in Drugs of the Future in 2003.HPLC of Formula: 325715-13-7 This article mentions the following:

Six different synthetic routes are investigated for the preparation of N-Methyl-N-[3-[3-[2-thienylcarbonyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]phenyl]a cetamide (Indiplon) and its potential use as a drug for treatment of insomnia is evaluated. Indiplon is a GABA-A receptor partial agonist that promotes sleep by enhancing the inhibitory activity of GABA through specific binding to the BZ1 or α₁ subunit of the GABA-A receptor. Indiplon has been shown to be safe and well tolerated and is currently being developed in two formulations to treat all insomnia complaints, including sleep initiation, night awakenings and total sleep maintenance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Acetylphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (cas: 325715-13-7HPLC of Formula: 325715-13-7).

N-(3-Acetylphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (cas: 325715-13-7) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.HPLC of Formula: 325715-13-7

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A mild and convenient oxidation of aryl nitriles to aryl amides by aqueous sodium perborate was written by Reed, Kathryn L.;Gupton, John T.;Solarz, Traci L.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 1990.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide This article mentions the following:

Treatment of aryl nitriles with NaBO₃.4H₂O in aqueous dioxane gives the corresponding benzamides in 13-85% yields. E.g., 3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃CN gives 74% 3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃CONH₂. The effect of substrate structure on yield is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A convenient synthesis of 5-substituted tetrahydro-1,4,3-oxathiazine 4,4-dioxides was written by Grunder-Klotz, Evelyne;Humbert, Paul;Ehrhardt, Jean Daniel. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1993.SDS of cas: 5339-69-5 This article mentions the following:

Tetrahydrooxathiazine dioxides I (R¹ = H, Me, Ph; R² = H, Me; R³ = 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, CH₂Ph, Bu, iso-Pr) were prepared in a 1-pot synthesis by the reaction of N-alkyl- or N-arylsulfonamide dianions with gaseous HCHO. Thus, MeSO₂Cl condensed with 4-ClC₆H₄NH₂ to give MeSO₂NHC₆H₄Cl-4 which was reacted with 2.1 equivalent BuLi and then HCHO(g) to give I (R¹, R² = H, R³ = 4-ClC₆H₄). The stability and some reactions of these heterocyclic compounds were also described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5SDS of cas: 5339-69-5).

N-Isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (cas: 5339-69-5) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.SDS of cas: 5339-69-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Combination ointment containing solid tranilast nanoparticles and dissolved sericin is efficacious for treating skin wound-healing deficits and redness in diabetic rats was written by Nagai, Noriaki;Ogata, Fumihiko;Deguchi, Saori;Ueno, Akina;Kawasaki, Naohito;Ito, Yoshimasa. And the article was included in Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 2017.Name: 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

We attempted to design a combination ointment containing solid tranilast nanoparticles and dissolved sericin as a wound-healing drug (TS-combination ointment), and evaluated its usefulness as therapy for wound-healing deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (STZ rat) using kinetic analyses as an index. Solid tranilast nanoparticles were prepared by bead mill methods with low-substituted methylcellulose; the mean particle size of the tranilast nanoparticles was 70 nm. The ointment was designed to contain the tranilast nanoparticles plus sericin powder and/or Carbopol 934. Skin wound healing in STZ rats begins significantly later than in normal rats. Although the skin wound healing rate in STZ rats treated with an ointment containing tranilast nanoparticles was lower than in STZ rats treated with vehicle, the ointment was effective in reducing redness. An ointment containing sericin enhanced the skin-healing rate, but the preventive effect on redness was weak. On the other hand, the combination of tranilast and sericin increased both the skin healing rate and reduction in redness. In conclusion, we have adapted kinetic analyses to skin wound healing in rats, and found these analyses to be useful as an index of wound healing ability by a wound-healing drug. In addition, we show that treatment with the TS-combination ointment enhances the skin wound healing rate and reduces redness. These findings provide information significant to the search for new wound-healing therapies and for the design of wound-healing drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8Name: 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid).

2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid (cas: 53902-12-8) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Name: 2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylamido)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and Synthesis of LM146, a Potent Inhibitor of PB1 with an Improved Selectivity Profile over SMARCA2 was written by Melin, Lea;Gesner, Emily;Attwell, Sarah;Kharenko, Olesya A.;van der Horst, Edward H.;Hansen, Henrik C.;Gagnon, Alexandre. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2021.Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide This article mentions the following:

PB1 is a bromodomain-containing protein hypothesized to act as the nucleosome-recognition subunit of the PBAF complex. Although PB1 is a key component of the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex, its exact role has not been elucidated due to the lack of potent and selective inhibitors. Chem. probes that target specific bromodomains within the complex would constitute highly valuable tools to characterize the function and therapeutic pertinence of PB1 and of each of its bromodomains. Here, we report the design and synthesis of lead compound LM146, which displays strong stabilization of the second and fifth bromodomains of PB1 as shown by DSF. LM146 does not interact with bromodomains outside of sub-family VIII and binds to PB1(2), PB1(5), and SMARCA2B with K_D values of 110, 61, and 2100 nM, resp., providing a ~34-fold selectivity profile for PB1(5) over SMARCA2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide).

6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide (cas: 54166-95-9) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. Amides can be recrystallised from large quantities of water, ethanol, ethanol/ether, aqueous ethanol, chloroform/toluene, chloroform or acetic acid. The likely impurities are the parent acids or the alkyl esters from which they have been made. The former can be removed by thorough washing with aqueous ammonia followed by recrystallisation, whereas elimination of the latter is by trituration or recrystallisation from an organic solvent.Name: 6-Chloro-2-aminobenzamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multiple emulsions, a suitable vehicle to provide sustained release of cancer chemotherapeutic agents was written by Benoy, Christine J.;Elson, L. A.;Schneider, R.. And the article was included in British Journal of Pharmacology in 1972.Reference of 7413-34-5 This article mentions the following:

The antileukemic activity of a single dose of optimum Na methotrexate (I Na) [7413-34-5]-containing multiple emulsion formulation in mice was greater than that of a single I injection in aqueous solution or 5 daily aqueous injections at the same dose level. A single injection of cytosine arabinoside [147-94-4] in a multiple emulsion was as effective as 5 daily doses in aqueous solution Vincristine sulfate [2068-78-2] administered in a multiple emulsion increased for 48 hr the number of bone marrow cells arrested in metaphase compared with 4 hr after a single aqueous injection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Reference of 7413-34-5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. Amides are stable compounds. The lower-melting members (such as acetamide) can be readily purified by fractional distillation. Most amides are solids which have low solubilities in water.Reference of 7413-34-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics