Ionic (Co)Organocatalyst with (Thio)Urea Anion and Tetra-n-butyl Ammonium Cation for the Polymerization of γ-Butyrolactone was written by Ge, Fang;Wang, Zhe;Zhu, Yanyun;Wang, Xiaowu. And the article was included in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics in 2020.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:
An effective ionic organocatalyst system is developed for the challenging ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) at low temperature The catalysts are prepared by dehydration reaction between tetra-Bu ammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) and (thio)ureas at ambient temperature, and utilized with or without extra benzyl alc. (BnOH) initiator. The solid-state structure of TUA-3 comprising thiourea anion is characterized by X-ray diffraction anal. Typically, a mixture of cyclic and linear poly(GBL) with low mol. weights (5000-1600 g mol-1) and slightly narrow mol. distribution ETH (1.2-1.4) is obtained by single base with/without combination with (thio)ureas. Interestingly, solely linear high-mol.-weight poly(GBL) (10 400 g mol-1) can be achieved by a synergistic effect of TBAOH/N,N’-isopropylthiourea in the presence of BnOH. The obtained poly(GBL) is characterized with NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). Mechanistic studies reveal different polymerization initiation steps in this reported catalyst system, which leads to poly(GBL) with divergent end groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7Category: amides-buliding-blocks).
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (cas: 2387-23-7) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Category: amides-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics