Month: December 2022

EIS study of blister formation on coated galvanized steel in oxidizing alkaline solutions was written by Schachinger, Ernst Dietmar;Braidt, Roland;Strauss, Bernhard;Hassel, Achim Walter. And the article was included in Corrosion Science in 2015.Category: amides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The performance of polymer coated galvanized steel sheet in alk. solutions with and without saline components containing Na percarbonate as an oxidizing agent was studied by visual inspection, light microscopy and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ionic species are both, they are necessary to initiate blistering, but also support blister growth. Na percarbonate accelerates blister growth. Detailed studies concerning the effect of temperature and salt concentration were made. Blister growth kinetics was followed by EIS and is in good agreement with visual inspection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Category: amides-buliding-blocks).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. The solubilities of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds. Tertiary amides, with the important exception of N,N-dimethylformamide, exhibit low solubility in water. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Category: amides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chlorine-free extraction of cellulose from rice husk and whisker isolation was written by Rosa, Simone M. L.;Rehman, Noor;de Miranda, Maria Inez G.;Nachtigall, Sonia M. B.;Bica, Clara I. D.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2012.Product Details of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

This work reports the isolation of cellulose whiskers from rice husk (RH) by means of an environmental friendly process for cellulose extraction and bleaching. The multistep process begins with the removal of pectin, cutin, waxes and other extractives from rice husk, then an alk. treatment for the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin, and a two-step bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED), followed by a mixture of acetic and nitric acids, for further delignification of the cellulose pulp. The techniques of IR absorption spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), SEM, thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the overall process is adequate to obtain cellulose with high purity and crystallinity. This cellulose was submitted to sulfuric acid hydrolysis with the aim to isolate the whiskers. They showed the typical elongated rod-like aspect as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and at. force microscopy (AFM). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Product Details of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Product Details of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The tocopherol transfer protein mediates vitamin E trafficking between cerebellar astrocytes and neurons was written by Ulatowski, L.;Ghelfi, Mikel;West, Ryan;Atkinson, J.;Finno, C. J.;Manor, D.. And the article was included in Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C23H28ClN3O5S This article mentions the following:

Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential nutrient that functions as a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in humans. The alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) binds α-tocopherol with high affinity and selectivity and regulates whole-body distribution of the vitamin. Heritable mutations in the TTPA gene result in familial vitamin E deficiency, elevated indexes of oxidative stress, and progressive neurodegeneration that manifest primarily in spinocerebellar ataxia. Although the essential role of vitamin E in neurol. health has been recognized for over 50 years, the mechanisms by which this essential nutrient is transported in the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here we found that, in the murine cerebellum, TTP is selectively expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein-pos. astrocytes, where it facilitates efflux of vitamin E to neighboring neurons. We also show that induction of oxidative stress enhances the transcription of the TtpA gene in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Furthermore, secretion of vitamin E from astrocytes is mediated by an ABC-type transporter, and uptake of the vitamin into neurons involves the low-d. lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. Taken together, our data indicate that TTP-expressing astrocytes control the delivery of vitamin E from astrocytes to neurons, and that this process is homeostatically responsive to oxidative stress. These are the first observations that address the detailed mol. mechanisms of vitamin E transport in the central nervous system, and these results have important implications for understanding the mol. underpinnings of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8Electric Literature of C23H28ClN3O5S).

5-Chloro-N-(4-(N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (cas: 10238-21-8) belongs to amides. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, such as in the amino acids asparagine and glutamine. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Electric Literature of C23H28ClN3O5S

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cyclic guanidines as dual 5-HT_5A/5-HT₇ receptor ligands: Structure-activity relationship elucidation was written by Peters, Jens-Uwe;Luebbers, Thomas;Alanine, Alexander;Kolczewski, Sabine;Blasco, Francesca;Steward, Lucinda. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2008.Synthetic Route of C7H7FN2O This article mentions the following:

The optimization of affinity and selectivity in a novel series of dual 5-HT_5A/5-HT₇ receptor ligands is described. Brain penetrant 2-aminodihydroquinazolines, such as I, with low nanomolar affinities were identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5Synthetic Route of C7H7FN2O).

2-Amino-4-fluorobenzamide (cas: 119023-25-5) belongs to amides. Amides include many other important biological compounds, as well as many drugs like paracetamol, penicillin and LSD. Low-molecular-weight amides, such as dimethylformamide, are common solvents. Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.Synthetic Route of C7H7FN2O

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidation of sulfamethazine by a novel CuS/calcium peroxide/tetraacetylethylenediamine process: High efficiency and contribution of oxygen-centered radicals was written by Li, Yangju;Dong, Haoran;Xiao, Junyang;Li, Long;Chu, Dongdong;Hou, Xiuzhen;Xiang, Shuxue;Dong, Qixia. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Reference of 10543-57-4 This article mentions the following:

Calcium peroxide (CP)-based advanced oxidation processes for water decontamination have stimulated considerable attention due to their inherent merits. Herein, a novel tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) coupled CuS/CP (i.e., CuS/TAED/CP) process was tentatively employed for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT) in water. Exptl. results suggested that peracetic acid (PAA) could be efficiently generated and then activated by CuS in alk. media, achieving 92.1% removal of SMT in 30 min. Identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that the available ROS including hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and oxygen-centered radicals (R – O•) together accounted for SMT degradation Based on quant. anal. of the relative contribution of involved ROS, R – O• were validated to be the primary reactive species that contributed to 75.2% of SMT removal. Addnl., the role of superoxide radical (O•-2), sulfur species, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were investigated. It was concluded that the O•-2 and reductive sulfur species enabled the promoted redox cycle of Cu species, and the Ca(OH)2 generated from CP favored the efficient generation and activation of PAA. Influencing factors like CP dosage, initial pH, and nontarget matrix constituents were also evaluated. Moreover, degradation pathways of SMT were proposed, and the ecotoxicity of these intermediates was predicted. The present work provides a promising and simple approach for the rapid decontamination of antibiotic-polluted water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4Reference of 10543-57-4).

N,N-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-acetylacetamide) (cas: 10543-57-4) belongs to amides. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Thus amides can participate in hydrogen bonding with water and other protic solvents; the oxygen atom can accept hydrogen bonds from water and the N–H hydrogen atoms can donate H-bonds. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Reference of 10543-57-4

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of cytostatics on the morphology of bacteria was written by Radosavljevic, Damjan. And the article was included in Medicinski Razgledi in 1978.Related Products of 7413-34-5 This article mentions the following:

Bacteriostatic concentrations of Oncovin (vincristine) [2068-78-2], adriablastin [23214-92-8], Endoxan [50-18-0], Velbe [143-67-9], 5-fluorouracil [51-21-8], Na methotrexate [7413-34-5], Antimit [55-86-7], oncotiotepa [52-24-4], and Dtic (dacarbazine [4342-03-4] inhibited cell division but did not inhibit the growth of bacterial cells. The resulting cells became enlarged, and were spherical or filamentous in shape. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5Related Products of 7413-34-5).

Sodium (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioate (cas: 7413-34-5) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. The presence of the amide group –C(=O)N– is generally easily established, at least in small molecules. It can be distinguished from nitro and cyano groups in IR spectra. Amides exhibit a moderately intense νCO band near 1650 cm−1. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, CONHR signals occur at low fields. In X-ray crystallography, the C(=O)N center together with the three immediately adjacent atoms characteristically define a plane.Related Products of 7413-34-5

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-Catalyzed Guanidinylation of Aryl Iodides: The Formation of N,N’-Disubstituted Guanidines was written by Cortes-Salva, Michelle;Nguyen, Be-Lan;Cuevas, Javier;Pennypacker, Keith R.;Antilla, Jon C.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2010.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of guanidine nitrate with aryl iodides was used for the formation of N,N’-disubstituted guanidines to be used as potential therapeutics for strokes. A relatively inexpensive com. available guanidine salt and a series of aryl iodides together with copper iodide and N,N-diethylsalicylamide as an efficient catalyst/ligand system provided a simple diarylation procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide).

N,N-Diethylsalicylamide (cas: 19311-91-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. As a result of interactions such as these, the water solubility of amides is greater than that of corresponding hydrocarbons. These hydrogen bonds are also have an important role in the secondary structure of proteins.Safety of N,N-Diethylsalicylamide

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of Primary Amides from Functionalized Organozinc Halides was written by Schade, Matthias A.;Manolikakes, Georg;Knochel, Paul. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2010.COA of Formula: C7H5Cl2NO This article mentions the following:

Organozinc halides, which are prepared either by direct zinc insertion or halogen-magnesium exchange and subsequent transmetalation with ZnCl₂, react smoothly with com. available trichloroacetyl isocyanate to give, after hydrolysis, the corresponding primary amides. This method is compatible with a variety of functional groups such as an ester or a cyano group. Also heterocyclic-, alkenyl, and acetylenic zinc reagents are converted to the corresponding primary amides under these conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4COA of Formula: C7H5Cl2NO).

3,4-Dichlorobenzamide (cas: 2670-38-4) belongs to amides. Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases and do not have clearly defined acid–base properties in water. On the other hand, amides are much stronger bases than esters, aldehydes, and ketones. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.COA of Formula: C7H5Cl2NO

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Substituted Benzaldehydes via a Two-Step, One-Pot Reduction/Cross-Coupling Procedure was written by Heijnen, Dorus;Helbert, Hugo;Luurtsema, Gert;Elsinga, Philip H.;Feringa, Ben L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Product Details of 192436-83-2 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of functionalized (benz)aldehydes, via a two-step, one-pot procedure, is presented. The method employs a stable aluminum hemiaminal as a tetrahedral intermediate, protecting a latent aldehyde, making it suitable for subsequent cross-coupling with (strong nucleophilic) organometallic reagents, leading to a variety of alkyl and aryl substituted benzaldehydes. This very fast methodol. also facilitates the effective synthesis of a ¹¹C radiolabeled aldehyde. Aluminum-ate complexes enable transmetalation of alkyl fragments onto palladium and subsequent cross-coupling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2Product Details of 192436-83-2).

4-Bromo-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 192436-83-2) belongs to amides. Amides can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid RC(=O)OH with the hydroxyl group –OH replaced by an amine group −NR′R″; or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group RC(=O)− joined to an amine group. In simple aromatic amides, fragmentation occurs on both sides of the carbonyl group. If a hydrogen is available in N-substituted aromatic amides, it tends to migrate and form an aromatic amine and the loss of a ketene.Product Details of 192436-83-2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct and Chemoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Difluoroketones via Weinreb Amide Homologation with a CHF₂-Carbene Equivalent was written by Miele, Margherita;Citarella, Andrea;Micale, Nicola;Holzer, Wolfgang;Pace, Vittorio. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Electric Literature of C9H10FNO2 This article mentions the following:

The homologation of Weinreb amides into difluoromethylketones with a formal nucleophilic CHF₂ transfer agent is reported. Activating TMSCHF₂ with potassium tert-amylate enables a convenient access to the difluorinated homologation reagent, which adds to the acylating partners. The high chemoselectivity showcased in the presence of variously multifunctionalized Weinreb amides, jointly with uniformly high yields, enables the strategy of general applicability without requiring any stabilization element for the putative carbanion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1Electric Literature of C9H10FNO2).

3-Fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (cas: 226260-01-1) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides can be freed from solvent or water by drying below their melting points. These purifications can also be used for sulfonamides and acid hydrazides.Electric Literature of C9H10FNO2

Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics