Effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis was written by Zhong, Ou;Wang, Jinyuan;Tan, Yongpeng;Lei, Xiaocan;Tang, Zhihan. And the article was included in Nutrition & Metabolism in 2022.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:
This meta-anal. was performed to investigate the effects of NAD (NAD+) precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in human body. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus databases were searched to collect clin. studies related to the supplement of NAD+ precursor from inception to Feb. 2021. Then the retrieved documents were screened, the content of the documents that met the requirements was extracted Meta-anal. and quality evaluation was performed detection were performed using RevMan5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias, Egger and Begg methods were mainly used. The main research terms of NAD+ precursors were Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), NMN (NMN), Nicotinic Acid (NA), Nicotinamide (NAM). The changes in the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-d. lipoprotein (LDL), high-d. lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood glucose were mainly concerned. A total of 40 articles were included in the meta-anal., with a sample of 14,750 cases, including 7406 cases in the drug group and 7344 cases in the control group. The results of meta-anal. showed that: NAD+ precursor can significantly reduce TG level (SMD = – 0.35, 95% CI (- 0.52, – 0.18), P < 0.0001), and TC (SMD = – 0.33, 95% CI (- 0.51, – 0.14), P = 0.0005), and LDL (SMD = – 0.38, 95% CI (- 0.50, – 0.27), P < 0.00001), increase HDL level (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI (0.56, 0.76), P < 0.00001), and plasma glucose level in the patients (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI (0.12, 0.42), P = 0.0004). Subgroup anal. showed that supplementation of NA had the most significant effect on the levels of TG, TC, LDL, HDL and plasma glucose. In this study, a meta-anal. based on currently published clin. trials with NAD+ precursors showed that supplementation with NAD+ precursors improved TG, TC, LDL, and HDL levels in humans, but resulted in hyperglycemia, compared with placebo or no treatment. Among them, NA has the most significant effect on improving lipid metabolism In addition, although NR and NAM supplementation had no significant effect on improving human lipid metabolism, the role of NR and NAM could not be directly denied due to the few relevant studies at present. Based on subgroup anal., we found that the supplement of NAD+ precursors seems to have little effect on healthy people, but it has a significant beneficial effect on patients with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P).
((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-Carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate (cas: 1094-61-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Synthetic Route of C11H15N2O8P
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics