Growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria was written by Perumalsamy, Haribalan;Jung, Moon Young;Hong, Seung Min;Ahn, Young-Joon. And the article was included in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2013.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Background: The growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Method: A microtiter plate-based bioassay in sterile 96-well plates was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the test materials against the organisms. Results: δ-3-Carene (5) exhibited the most potent growth inhibition of Gram-pos. bacteria (Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689, Clostridium paraputrificum ATCC 25780, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600) and Gram-neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285) (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), 0.18-0.70 mg/mL) except for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (MIC, 2.94 mg/mL). The MIC of methyleugenol (2), 1,8-cineole (3), α-asarone (4), (-)-asarinin (6), and pellitorine (7) was between 1.47 and 2.94 mg/mL against all test bacteria (except for compound 2 against C. difficile (0.70 mg/mL); compounds 1 (23.50 mg/mL) and 4 (5.80 mg/mL) against C. paraputricum; compounds 2 (5.80 mg/mL), 4 (12.0 mg/mL), and 7 (0.70 mg/mL) against C. perfringens); compound 1 against E. coli (7.20 mg/mL) and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (12.0 mg/mL). Overall, all of the constituents were less potent at inhibiting microbial growth than ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.063-0.25 mg/ mL). The lactic acid-producing bacteria (four bifidobacteria and two lactobacilli) and one acidulating bacterium Clostridium butyricum ATCC 25779 were less sensitive and more susceptible than the five harmful bacteria and two nonpathogenic bacteria (B. fragilis and E. coli) to the constituents and to ciprofloxacin, resp. Beneficial Gram-pos. bacteria and harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria were observed to have different degrees of antimicrobial susceptibility to the constituents, although the antimicrobial susceptibility of the harmful Gram-pos. bacteria and the harmful and nonpathogenic Gram-neg. bacteria was not observed SEM observations showed different degrees of phys. damage and morphol. alteration to both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria treated with α-asarone, δ-3-carene, pellitorine, or ciprofloxacin, indicating that they do not share a common mode of action. Conclusion:A. heterotropoides root-derived materials described merit further study as potential antibacterial products or lead mols. for the prevention or eradication from humans from diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide).
(2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (cas: 18836-52-7) belongs to amides. Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides are not in general accessible by the direct condensation of amines with carboxylic acids for two reasons: first, both components are readily deactivated by a transfer of a proton from the acid to the amine and second, the hydroxy unit on the carbonyl of the acid is a relatively poor leaving group. Nevertheless, the formation of five- and six-membered rings is often surprisingly simple provided that other factors can be brought into play to assist in the condensation.Safety of (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics