Chakhtoura, Marita; Fang, Mike; Cubas, Rafael; O’Connor, Margaret H.; Nichols, Carmen N.; Richardson, Brian; Talla, Aarthi; Moir, Susan; Cameron, Mark J.; Tardif, Virginie; Haddad, Elias K. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Germinal Center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cell impairment in chronic HIV infection involves c-Maf signaling.Safety of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide And the article contains the following content:
We have recently demonstrated that the function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells from lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-infected individuals is impaired. We found that these cells were unable to provide proper help to germinal center (GC)-B cells, as observed by altered and inefficient anti-HIV antibody response and premature death of memory B cells. The underlying mol. mechanisms of this dysfunction remain poorly defined. Herein, we have used a unique transcriptional approach to identify these mol. defects. We consequently determined the transcriptional profiles of LN GC-Tfh cells following their interactions with LN GC-B cells from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals, rather than analyzing resting ex-vivo GC-Tfh cells. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected subjects were transcriptionally different than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, and displayed a significant downregulation of immune- and GC-Tfh-associated pathways and genes. Our results strongly demonstrated that MAF (coding for the transcription factor c-Maf) and its upstream signaling pathway mediators (IL6R and STAT3) were significantly downregulated in HIV-infected subjects, which could contribute to the impaired GC-Tfh and GC-B cell functions reported during infection. We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation. Overall, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to GC-Tfh cell impairment during HIV infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cell function is altered in HIV is crucial and could provide critical information about the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of effective anti-HIV antibodies. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide(cas: 144-80-9).Safety of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide
The Article related to t follicular helper cell chronic hiv infection signalling pathway, Immunochemistry: Immunopathology and other aspects.Safety of N-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics