Month: October 2022

Sun, Y.;Gu, X.;Zhang, E.;Park, M-A.;Pereira, A. M.;Wang, S.;Morrison, T.;Li, C.;Blenis, J.;Gerbaudo, V. H.;Henske, E. P.;Yu, J. J. published 《Estradiol promotes pentose phosphate pathway addiction and cell survival via reactivation of Akt in mTORC1 hyperactive cells》 in 2014. The article was appeared in 《Cell Death & Disease》. They have made some progress in their research.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a female-predominant interstitial lung disease that can lead to respiratory failure. LAM cells typically have inactivating TSC2 mutations, leading to mTORC1 activation. The gender specificity of LAM suggests that estradiol contributes to disease development, yet the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not completely understood. Using metabolomic profiling, we identified an estradiol-enhanced pentose phosphate pathway signature in Tsc2-deficient cells. Estradiol increased levels of cellular NADPH, decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced cell survival under oxidative stress. Mechanistically, estradiol reactivated Akt in TSC2-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo, induced membrane translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT1 or GLUT4), and increased glucose uptake in an Akt-dependent manner. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET imaging demonstrated enhanced glucose uptake in xenograft tumors of Tsc2-deficient cells from estradiol-treated mice. Expression array study identified estradiol-enhanced transcript levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. Consistent with this, G6PD was abundant in xenograft tumors and lung metastatic lesions of Tsc2-deficient cells from estradiol-treated mice. Mol. depletion of G6PD attenuated estradiol-enhanced survival in vitro, and treatment with 6-aminonicotinamide, a competitive inhibitor of G6PD, reduced lung colonization of Tsc2-deficient cells. Collectively, these data indicate that estradiol promotes glucose metabolism in mTORC1 hyperactive cells through the pentose phosphate pathway via Akt reactivation and G6PD upregulation, thereby enhancing cell survival under oxidative stress. Interestingly, a strong correlation between estrogen exposure and G6PD was also found in breast cancer cells. Targeting the pentose phosphate pathway may have therapeutic benefit for LAM and possibly other hormonally dependent neoplasms. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Category: amides-buliding-blocks induces apoptosis in tumor cells. It is clinically used in disseminated neoplastic disease. It also acts as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor. It aids in the treatment of psoriasis. It is used as cancer chemotherapeutic drug in animals.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Kang-He;Ma, Yu-Long;Lin, Feng;Ge, Shao-Ying;Zhu, Li published 《Refractory organic compounds in coal chemical wastewater treatment by catalytic ozonation using Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Environmental Science and Pollution Research》. They have made some progress in their research.Reference of cis-13-Docosenamide The article mentions the following:

A composite Mn-Cu-Ce tri-metal oxide supported on γ-Al₂O₃ (Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃) catalyst was prepared by an impregnation-calcination method and investigated in the catalytic ozonation treatment of real coal chem. wastewater (CCW). The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, BET, and XPS techniques. The results showed that Mn, Cu, and Ce metal oxides were evenly distributed on the Al₂O₃ surface and the catalyst maintained a large surface area and a high pore volume compared with the pristine Al₂O₃. The synergy between Mn, Cu, and Ce oxides greatly enriched the catalytic active sites and enhanced the ozonation performance. The catalytic ozonation process with Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃ increased the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) by 31.6% compared with ozonation alone. The ketones, aromatic compounds, phenols, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in CCW have been effectively degraded and mineralized by Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃ catalytic ozonation process, and its biodegradability has also been significantly improved. The exptl. results of ·OH scavengers revealed that the mechanism of Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃ catalytic ozonation was to promote the generation of ·OH radicals. The catalytic activity of Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃ was only a slight decrease in six consecutive catalytic ozonation treatments, showing good stability. Therefore, Mn-Cu-Ce/Al₂O₃ can be used as a candidate catalyst for the advanced treatment of refractory organic wastewaters upon catalytic ozonation. And cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) was used in the research process.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) was employed as: standard in determination of fatty acid amides in polyethylene packaging film by GC/MS;slip agent for polymers to reduce their friction coefficient and to make films easier to handle.Reference of cis-13-Docosenamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Termsung, Natthida;Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan;Kunasakdakul, Kaewalin published 《First report of septoria steviae causing stevia leaf spot in Thailand》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Phytopathology》. They have made some progress in their research.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

Stevia leaf spot is present in stevia production fields in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The disease was characterized by distinct lesions with angular chlorotic halos that result in defoliation. Based on morphol. characters and sequence anal. of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), rDNA 28S subunit (LSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes, the pathogen was identified as Septoria steviae. Pathogenicity tests proved Koch’s postulates, supporting S. steviae as the causal agent of stevia leaf spot in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Mancozeb, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin significantly inhibited mycelial growth of S. steviae under in vitro conditions at label the recommended concentrations To our knowledge, this is the first report of Septoria leaf spot disease on stevia caused by S. steviae in Thailand. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is a hydroxamic acid that inhibits the activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of PHBA to benzoic acid. Category: amides-buliding-blocks The compound has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial functions, leading to cell death.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Monnerat, Gustavo;Seara, Fernando A. C.;Evaristo, Joseph Albert Medeiros;Carneiro, Gabriel;Evaristo, Geisa Paulino Caprini;Domont, Gilberto;Nascimento, Jose Hamilton Matheus;Mill, Jose Geraldo;Nogueira, Fabio Cesar Souza;Campos de Carvalho, Antonio Carlos published 《Aging-related compensated hypogonadism: Role of metabolomic analysis in physiopathological and therapeutic evaluation》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology》. They have made some progress in their research.Application of 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:

Aging is a complex process that increases the risk of chronic disease development. Hormonal and metabolic alterations occur with aging, such as androgen activity decrease. Studies aim to understand the role of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in males, however biomarkers and the metabolic responses to TRT are not well characterized. Therefore, the present study investigated TRT effect in young adult and aged rats by metabolomics. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: adult and adult + testo (6 mo), old and old + testo (25-27mo). TRT animals received daily testosterone propionate (1 mg/kg/s.c.). TRT changed the testicular weight index decrease induced by aging but did not change the body weight and liver weight index. Sera were analyzed by liquid chromatograph high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Testosterone was quantified by target LC-MS/MS. A total of 126 metabolites were detected with known identification altered by TRT by non-target metabolomics anal. Multivariate statistics shows that all groups segregated individually after principal component anal. The treatment with testosterone induced several metabolic alterations in adult and old rats that were summarized by variable importance on projection score, metabolite interaction and pathway anal. Aging-related hypogonadism induces a pattern of systemic metabolic alterations that can be partially reversed by TRT, however, this treatment in aged rats induces novel alterations in some metabolites that are possible new targets for monitoring in patients submitted to TRT.N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is a capsaicin analog that has been used to study the effects of capsaicin on energy metabolism and bowel disease.Application of 2444-46-4 It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bowel disease, by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of cis-13-DocosenamideIn 2021, Li, Wengkun;Li, Jia;Wu, Bingmin;Lin, Ying;Kang, Huasheng;Liu, Li;Zhang, Guifang published 《Analysis of liposoluble components of cultivated and wild Lignosus rhinocerus》. 《Zhongyao Xinyao Yu Linchuang Yaoli》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Objective Analyzing the differences in fat-soluble chem. composition between cultivated and wild Lignosus rhinocerus. Methods The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus was artificially cultivated, and then, the liposol. components were extracted from sclerotium by refluxing extraction with petroleum ether, and the difference in chem. compositions between cultivated (in rice and in sawdust, resp.) and wild Lignosus rhinocerus were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative percentages of components were also calculated Results Eleven, 10 and 14 compounds were identified from the ingredients in petroleum ether extracts of the rice group (RP), sawdust group (SP), and wild group (WP) resp. The majority of them are hydrocarbon compounds The common components are 2, 4-Di-tert-butylphenol, pentacosane and hentriacontane. The relative percentage contents of pentacosane and hentriacontane were 15.85%, 17.36%, 16.43% and 12.01%, 11.58%, 19.29% for RP, SP and WP, resp. The difference of these three are:the ingredients of the rice group mainly contain Ergosterol and Nonacosane; those of the sawdust group mainly contain Docosane, Tricosane, Tetracosane; those of wild group varieties mainly contain Tetracosane, Erucylamide, Di-Bu phthalate, and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) -, Et ester. Conclusion The lipophilic composition in petroleum ether extracts of cultivated and wild Lignosus rhinocerus are identical, which included 2, 4-Di-tertbutylphenol, pentacosane and hentriacontane; but there are clear differences. These findings provide reference for the quality evaluation and utilization of cultivated products of Lignosus rhinocerus. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) .

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Reference of cis-13-Docosenamide It has a role as a human metabolite, a rat metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of 6-Aminonicotinamide《Inhibition of glycogen catabolism induces intrinsic apoptosis and augments multikinase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma cells》 was published in 2019. The authors were Barot, Shrikant;Abo-Ali, Ehab M.;Zhou, Daisy L.;Palaguachi, Christian;Dukhande, Vikas V., and the article was included in《Experimental Cell Research》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers in the world in incidence and mortality. Current pharmacotherapy of HCC is limited in the number and efficacy of anticancer agents. Metabolic reprogramming is a prominent feature of many cancers and has rekindled interest in targeting metabolic proteins for cancer therapy. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose, and the levels of glycogen have been found to correlate with biol. processes in reprogrammed cancer cells. However, the contribution of glycogen metabolism to carcinogenesis, cancer cell growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance is poorly understood. Thus, we studied the processes involved in the inhibition of glycogen metabolism in HCC cells. Pharmacol. inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a rate-limiting enzyme in glycogen catabolism, by CP-91149 led to a decrease in HCC cell viability. GP inhibition induced cancer cell death through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic adaptations accompanied this apoptosis process whereas endoplasmic reticulum stress, necrosis, and necroptosis were not major components of the cell death. In addition, GP inhibition potentiated the effects of multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and regorafenib, which are key drugs in advanced-stage HCC therapy. Our study provides mechanistic insights into cell death by perturbation of glycogen metabolism and identifies GP inhibition as a potential HCC pharmacotherapy target. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Safety of 6-Aminonicotinamide is an inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, PGD (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). Studies have also shown that 6-aminonicotinamide induces apoptosis in tumor cells and causes glial cell degeneration.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide《Bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces alcohol consumption and induces long-term neurochemical changes in rats with neuropathic pain》 was published in 2021. The authors were Santos, Daniela Silva;Medeiros, Liciane Fernandes;Stein, Dirson Joao;De Macedo, Isabel Cristina;Da Silva Rios, Diego Evandro;De Oliveira, Carla;Toledo, Roberta Stroher;Fregni, Felipe;Caumo, Wolnei;Torres, Iraci L. S., and the article was included in《Neuroscience Letters》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated bimodal transcranial d.c. stimulation (tDCS) on alc. consumption and immunohistol. and neurochem. parameters in nerve-injured rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups: control, neuropathic pain (NP) + sham-tDCS, NP + alc. + sham-tDCS, alc. + sham-tDCS, alc. + tDCS, and NP + alc. + tDCS. NP is induced by chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI). The rats were exposed to a 10% alc. solution by voluntary consumption for 14 days. From the 16th day after surgery, bimodal tDCS was applied for 20 min/day for 8 days. Brain structures were collected to evaluate the number of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-pos. neurons, neurites, and argyrophilic grains by immunohistochem., and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 by ELISA. Nerve-injured rats showed a progressive increase in alc. consumption compared to the non-injured rats. In addition, there was a reduction in voluntary alc. consumption over time induced by tDCS. Alc. exposure, chronic pain, and tDCS treatment modulated the central NPY immunoreactivity. tDCS increased the cerebellar levels of IL-6 and IL-10, and CCI and/or tDCS reduced striatal BDNF levels. The current data suggest that tDCS could be a promising non-pharmacol. adjuvant to treat patients with chronic pain who use alc. to relieve their symptoms.N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Reference of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 329-89-5《Real-time quantification of subcellular H₂O₂ and glutathione redox potential in living cardiovascular tissues》 was published in 2017. The authors were Panieri, Emiliano;Millia, Carlo;Santoro, Massimo M., and the article was included in《Free Radical Biology & Medicine》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Detecting and measuring the dynamic redox events that occur in vivo is a prerequisite for understanding the impact of oxidants and redox events in normal and pathol. conditions. These aspects are particularly relevant in cardiovascular tissues wherein alterations of the redox balance are associated with stroke, aging, and pharmacol. intervention. An ambiguous aspect of redox biol. is how redox events occur in subcellular organelles including mitochondria, and nuclei. Genetically-encoded Rogfp2 fluorescent probes have become powerful tools for real-time detection of redox events. These probes detect hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels and glutathione redox potential (E_GSH), both with high spatiotemporal resolution By generating novel transgenic (Tg) zebrafish lines that express compartment-specific Rogfp2-Orp1 and Grx1-Rogfp2 sensors we analyzed cytosolic, mitochondrial, and the nuclear redox state of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes of living zebrafish embryos. We provide evidence for the usefulness of these Tg lines for pharmacol. compounds screening by addressing the blocking of pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) and glutathione synthesis, thus altering subcellular redox state in vivo. Rogfp2-based transgenic zebrafish lines represent valuable tools to characterize the impact of redox changes in living tissues and offer new opportunities for studying metabolic driven antioxidant response in biomedical research.6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Product Details of 329-89-5 is an inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, PGD (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). Studies have also shown that 6-aminonicotinamide induces apoptosis in tumor cells and causes glial cell degeneration.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics