Month: October 2022

Wang, Jifeng;He, Min;Guo, Wenjun;Zhang, Yanhong;Sui, Xin;Lin, Jianan;Liu, Xiaoran;Li, Hui;Li, Jing;Yang, Qing;Kan, Mo;Zhang, Zhuang;Ming, Sitong;Qu, Xiaobo;Li, Na published 《Microbiome-metabolomics reveals endogenous alterations of energy metabolism by the dushen tang to attenuate D-galactose-induced memory impairment in rats》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《BioMed Research International》. They have made some progress in their research.Formula: C22H43NO The article mentions the following:

Aging affects the brain function in elderly individuals, and Dushen Tang (DST) is widely used for the treatment of senile diseases. In this study, the protective effect of DST against memory impairment was evaluated through the Morris water maze (MWM) test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A joint anal. was also performed using LC-MS metabolomics and the microbiome. The MWM test showed that DST could significantly improve the spatial memory and learning abilities of rats with memory impairment, and the TEM anal. showed that DST could reduce neuronal damage in the hippocampus of rats with memory impairment. Ten potential biomarkers involving pyruvate metabolism, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and other metabolic pathways were identified by the metabolomic anal., and it was found that 3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid were involved in the activation of cAMP signaling pathways. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that DST could regulate the structure of the gut microbiota in rats with memory impairment, and these effects were manifested as changes in energy metabolism These findings suggest that DST exerts a good therapeutic effect on rats with memory impairment and that this effect might be mainly achieved by improving energy metabolism These findings might lead to the potential development of DST as a drug for the treatment of rats with memory impairment.cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Formula: C22H43NO It is commonly used as a slip additive in the plastic manufacturing industry.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Goel, Reema;Reilly, Samantha M.;Valerio, Luis G. Jr. published 《A Computational Approach for Respiratory Hazard Identification of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco Products》. The research results were published in《Chemical Research in Toxicology》 in 2022.SDS of cas: 2444-46-4 The article conveys some information:

Flavor chems. contribute to the appeal and toxicity of tobacco products, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The assortment of flavor chems. available for use in tobacco products is extensive. In this study, a chem.-driven computational approach was used to evaluate flavor chems. based on intrinsic hazardous structures and reactivity of chems. A large library of 3012 unique flavor chems. was compiled from publicly available information. Next, information was computed and collated based on their (1) physicochem. properties, (2) Global Harmonization System (GHS) health hazard classification, (3) structural alerts linked to the chem.’s reactivity, instability, and/or toxicity, and (4) common substructure shared with FDA’s harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) flavor chems. that are respiratory toxicants. Computational anal. of the constructed flavor library flagged 638 chems. with GHS classified respiratory health hazards, 1079 chems. with at least one structural alert, and 2297 chems. with substructural similarity to FDA’s established and proposed list of HPHCs. A subsequent anal. was performed on a subset of 173 chems. in the flavor library that are respiratory health hazards, contain structural alerts as well as flavor HPHC substructures. Four general toxicophore structures with an increased potential for respiratory toxicity were then identified. In summary, computational methods are efficient tools for hazard identification and understanding structure-toxicity relationship. With appropriate context of use and interpretation, in silico methods may provide scientific evidence to support toxicol. evaluations of chems. in or emitted from tobacco products.N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) has antifouling properties.SDS of cas: 2444-46-4 It acts as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitor.N-Vanillylnonanamide has been used for the preparation of spicules.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Prasathkumar, Murugan;Raja, Kannan;Vasanth, Krishnan;Khusro, Ameer;Sadhasivam, Subramaniam;Sahibzada, Muhammad Umar Khayam;Gawwad, Mohamed Ragab Abdel;Al Farraj, Dunia A.;Elshikh, Mohamed S. published 《Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 112-84-5 The article mentions the following:

This study was aimed to determine total phytochem. components as well as in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves extract Among different solvent extracts tested, methanolic extract revealed maximum alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolic, and tannin contents of 90.41 ± 0.15 mg atropine equivalent/g, 156.64 ± 0.97 mg quercetin equivalent/g, 155.44 ± 1.65 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and 121.31 ± 2.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, resp. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was determined against indicator pathogens using agar well diffusion assay which exhibited potential activity against Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of methanolic extract were analyzed using standard methodologies. The extract exhibited potential antioxidant traits by scavenging ABTS (IC₅₀ value – 224.2 μg/mL) and DPPH (IC₅₀ value – 76.24 μg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner. Further, the extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activities at varied doses with IC₅₀ value of 55.7 μg/mL. The methanolic extract exhibited promising rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 49.45 and 38.72 μg/mL, resp. Further, the extract showed no toxicity on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines (99.66 ± 0.14% cell viability). Most importantly, the treatment of cell monolayer of L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines with methanolic extract showed high rate (100%) of wound healing trait. GC-MS anal. of methanolic extract revealed the presence of Mome inositol, 13-Docosenamide, (Z)-, Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-, and Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester as predominant compounds In conclusion, the biol. properties of S. auriculata leaves suggested its vast role as ideal antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing agents in future. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) .

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.Recommanded Product: 112-84-5 It is commonly used as a slip additive in the plastic manufacturing industry.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide《Zinc nanoparticles: Mode of action and efficacy against boscalid-resistant Alternaria alternata isolates》 was published in 2022. The authors were Malandrakis, Anastasios A.;Kavroulakis, Nektarios;Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos V., and the article was included in《Science of the Total Environment》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

The antifungal potential of ZnO-NPs against Alternaria alternata isolates with reduced sensitivity to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) boscalid, resulting from target site modifications, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. ZnO-NPs could effectively inhibit mycelial growth in a dose-dependent way in both boscalid (BOSC) sensitive (BOSC-S) and resistant (BOSC-R) isolates. The fungitoxic effect of ZnO-NPs against the pathogen was significantly enhanced when combined with boscalid compared to the individual treatments in all phenotype cases (BOSC-S/R) both in vitro and in vivo. Fungitoxic effect of ZnO-NPs could be, at least partly, attributed to zinc ion release as indicated by the pos. correlation between sensitivities to the nanoparticles and their ionic counterpart ZnSO₄ and the alleviation of the ZnO-NPs fungitoxic action in the presence of the strong chelating agent EDTA. The superior effectiveness of ZnO-NPs against A. alternata, compared to ZnSO_4, could be due to nanoparticle properties interfering with cellular ion homeostasis mechanisms. The observed additive action of the oxidative phosphorylation-uncoupler fluazinam (FM) against all phenotypes indicates a possible role of ATP-dependent ion efflux mechanism in the mode of action of ZnO-NPs. A potential role of ROS production in the fungitoxic action of ZnO-NPs was evident by the additive/synergistic action of salicylhydroxamate (SHAM), which blocks the alternative oxidase antioxidant action. Mixture of ZnO-NPs and boscalid, resulting in a “capping” effect for the nanoparticles and significantly reducing their mean size, probably accounted for the synergistic effect of the mixture against both sensitive and resistant A. alternata isolates. Summarizing, results indicated that ZnO-NPs can be effectively used against A. alternata both alone or in combination with boscalid, providing an effective tool for combating SDHI-resistance and reducing the environmental fingerprint of synthetic fungicides. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is widely used for a variety of roles in biology and medicine as a chelating therapy.Name: N,2-DihydroxybenzamideIt inhibits bacterial or fungi growth by interfering with iron uptake. It is also active as a inhibitor of enzyme involved in tumour growths.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sapozhnikova, Yelena;Nunez, Alberto;Johnston, John Retired published 《Screening of chemicals migrating from plastic food contact materials for oven and microwave applications by liquid and gas chromatography – Orbitrap mass spectrometry》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Chromatography A》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 112-84-5 The article mentions the following:

Contamination of food with chems. migrating from food contact materials (FCMs) is an important area of food safety. This study was aimed to investigate migration of chems. from plastic FCMs used for microwave and conventional oven heating. Migration tests were conducted for samples of microwave trays, microwave oven bags, and oven bags. GC- and LC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was used for non-targeted screening and identification of chems. with mass error <5 ppm. A non-targeted identification approach was validated with isotopically labeled chems. to establish acceptable criteria for identification of migrated compounds A total of 74 migrated compounds were tentatively identified: 24 chems. by GC-Orbitrap MS with electron ionization (EI), plus 35 and 19 by LC-Orbitrap MS electrospray ionization (ESI) with pos. and neg. polarities, resp. Four migrated chems. were identified by more than one instrumental anal. Both intentionally added substances (IAS), i.e. additives used in the production of polymeric materials and plastics, and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), i.e. derivatives and degradation/oxidation products of IAS, were identified among the migrated chems. The levels of 25 migrated chems. were significantly different (p < 0.05) between microwave treatments and conventional oven treatments, where 20 migrants had higher levels for microwave compared with 5 for conventional oven treatments. For several identified chems., no previous reports on their migration from FCMs were found. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as cis-13-Docosenamide (cas: 112-84-5) .

cis-13-Docosenoamide(cas: 112-84-5) is a primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia.SDS of cas: 112-84-5 It has a role as a human metabolite, a rat metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bai, Yun;Li, Bing;Wang, Sinan;Jiang, Hai;Li, Junlei;Wang, Wenjuan;Wang, Ke;Qin, Lihua;Jia, Jing published 《Effects of estrogen on STIM1/Orai1 in the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats》. The research results were published in《Histology and Histopathology》 in 2020.SDS of cas: 89-73-6 The article conveys some information:

Background. Studies have shown that estrogen can protect the function of the sublingual gland, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Besides, the STIM1/Orai1 pathway is important to secretion in the salivary gland. Here, we explore the possible effects of estrogen on sublingual gland function by observing changes of STIM1 and Orai1 levels in the sublingual glands of ovariectomized rats. Methods. 42 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM, OVX, and OVX + E (n = 14 per group). Two weeks after ovariectomy, rats were treated with estrogen (β-estradiol). The expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in the sublingual gland were observed by double label-immunohistochem. and immunofluorescence. Calcium imaging was conducted to observe changes in cellular Ca2+ levels. Results. IHC and IF showed that the levels of both STIM1 and Orai1 decreased following ovariectomy, but increased to SHAM levels after estrogen treatment. By IF, STIM1 and Orai1 exhibited perfect co-localization. Calcium imaging results showed that the Ca2+ in the cells decreased after ovariectomy. Estrogen intervention returned levels of these proteins and Ca2+ to the same as those in the control group. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that low estrogen status significantly reduced the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in the sublingual gland of rats, along with cellular Ca2+ levels. These data provide insight into the likely mechanisms underlying sublingual gland secretion dysfunction during menopause. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) has also been shown to be active against wild-type strains of Candida glabrata, but not against resistant mutants. SDS of cas: 89-73-6 This drug may have therapeutic potential for bone cancer and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SDS of cas: 89-73-6《Cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways of mitochondrial electron transport chain are important for the photosynthetic performance of pea plants under salinity stress conditions》 was published in 2020. The authors were Analin, Benedict;Mohanan, Akhil;Bakka, Kavya;Challabathula, Dinakar, and the article was included in《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

In the current study, importance of COX and AOX pathways for photosynthetic performance of pea plants (Pisum sativum L. Pea Arkel cv) was analyzed by using the mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors Antimycin A (AA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) which restrict the electron flow through COX and AOX pathways resp. Salinity stress resulted in decreased CO₂ assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration in a stress dependent manner. Superimposition of leaves of salt stressed plants with AA and SHAM caused cellular H₂O₂ and O^–2 accumulation along with cell death. Addnl., aggravation in decrease of CO₂ assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration upon superimposition with AA and SHAM during salinity stress suggests the importance of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport for photosynthesis. Increased expression of AOX1a and AOX2 transcripts along with AOX protein levels indicated up regulation of AOX pathway in leaves during salinity stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed enhanced damage to Photosystem (PS) II in the presence of AA and SHAM during salinity stress. Results suggested the beneficial role of COX and AOX pathways for optimal photosynthetic performance in pea leaves during salinity stress conditions. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.SDS of cas: 89-73-6

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Islas-Flores, Hariz;Perez-Alvarez, Itzayana;Gomez-Olivan, Leobardo M. published 《Evaluation of teratogenicity of pharmaceuticals using FETAX》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States)》. They have made some progress in their research.Reference of 6-Aminonicotinamide The article mentions the following:

A review. Pharmaceuticals are chem.compounds which are used to preserve human and animal health. Once administered, these compoundsare metabolized or can remain unaltered until excreted. Therefore, a mixtureof pharmaceuticals and their metabolites enters municipal sewers and wastewater treatment plants where, depending on their polarity, water solubility, and persistence, they cannot be completely removed or transformed during the treatment process, so that unaltered pharmaceuticals and/or their metabolites can enter surface water. As a result, in recent years concern has grown about trace concentrations and the risk they pose to ecosystems, considering the annual increase in pharmaceutical productionand use at world level. This chapter reviews the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Originally developed during the mid-1980s as a test for detecting the developmental toxicity of pure chem. products and complex mixturesin the laboratory, in recent years it has been used to evaluate the mechanisms of action, biotransformation, and detoxification of xenobiotics as well as in ecotoxicol. studies using alternative species and in situ monitoring. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Reference of 6-Aminonicotinamide is a well-established inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Ki = 0.46 μM). 6-Aminonicotinamide also reduces cardiovascular oxidative injury following ischemia/reperfusion.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: amides-buliding-blocksIn 2016, Machado, Juliano;Manfredi, Leandro H.;Silveira, Wilian A.;Goncalves, Dawit A. P.;Lustrino, Danilo;Zanon, Neusa M.;Kettelhut, Isis C.;Navegantes, Luiz C. published 《Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits autophagic-lysosomal proteolysis through cAMP/PKA signaling in rat skeletal muscles》. 《International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide released by motor neuron in skeletal muscle and modulates the neuromuscular transmission by induction of synthesis and insertion of acetylcholine receptor on postsynaptic muscle membrane; however, its role in skeletal muscle protein metabolism remains unclear. We examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of CGRP on protein breakdown and signaling pathways in control skeletal muscles and muscles following denervation (DEN) in rats. In isolated muscles, CGRP (10^-10 to 10^-6 M) reduced basal and DEN-induced activation of overall proteolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-proteolytic effect of CGRP was completely abolished by CGRP8-37, a CGRP receptor antagonist. CGRP down-regulated the lysosomal proteolysis, the mRNA levels of LC3b, Gabarapl1 and cathepsin L and the protein content of LC3-II in control and denervated muscles. In parallel, CGRP elevated cAMP levels, stimulated PKA/CREB signaling and increased Foxo1 phosphorylation in both conditions. In denervated muscles and starved C2C12 cells, Rp-8-Br-cAMPs or PKI, two PKA inhibitors, completely abolished the inhibitory effect of CGRP on Foxo1, 3 and 4 and LC3 lipidation. A single injection of CGRP (100 μg kg^-1) in denervated rats increased the phosphorylation levels of CREB and Akt, inhibited Foxo transcriptional activity, the LC3 lipidation as well as the mRNA levels of LC3b and cathepsin L, two bona fide targets of Foxo. This study shows for the first time that CGRP exerts a direct inhibitory action on autophagic-lysosomal proteolysis in control and denervated skeletal muscle by recruiting cAMP/PKA signaling, effects that are related to inhibition of Foxo activity and LC3 lipidation. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) has antifouling properties.Category: amides-buliding-blocks It acts as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitor.N-Vanillylnonanamide has been used for the preparation of spicules.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics