On September 2, 2015, Cheng, Guolin; Li, Tuan-Jie; Yu, Jin-Quan published an article.Electric Literature of 5455-98-1 The title of the article was Practical Pd(II)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Epoxides: One-Step Syntheses of 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins. And the article contained the following:
Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho-alkylation of benzoic acids with both terminal and internal epoxides affords 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins I [ R1 = Me, F, Cl, etc; R = H, Me, Bn, etc] in one step. The presence of potassium countercations is crucial for this reaction. Monoprotected amino acid ligands significantly promote this reaction, enabling the development of a practical C-H alkylation reaction using 0.5 mol % Pd catalyst. The inversion of stereochem. in the C-H alkylation step is consistent with a redox-neutral SN2 nucleophilic ring-opening process as opposed to a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) pathway. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(Oxiran-2-ylmethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(cas: 5455-98-1).Electric Literature of 5455-98-1
The Article related to benzoic acid epoxide alkylation palladium catalyst, dihydroisocoumarin preparation, Heterocyclic Compounds (One Hetero Atom): Benzopyrans (Including Coumarins, Isocoumarins, Chromones, Benzopyrones, Dibenzopyrans, and Other Arenopyrans) and other aspects.Electric Literature of 5455-98-1
Referemce:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics