Month: September 2022

Oyedemi, Blessing O. M.;Kotsia, E. M.;Stapleton, Paul D.;Gibbons, Simon published 《Capsaicin and gingerol analogues inhibit the growth of efflux-multidrug resistant bacteria and R-plasmids conjugal transfer》 in 2019. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Ethnopharmacology》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:

Capsicum and ginger are used widely in human diets and in folklore medicines. Chem., gingerol is a relative of capsaicin and both classes of compounds are notable for their spiciness and characteristic pungent aroma. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds contain antimicrobial compounds with robust pharmacol. importance. The present study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activities of capsaicinoids and gingerols against a panel of clin. MRSA strains and their inhibitory effect on the conjugal transfer of R-plasmids harboured in E. coli.Crude methanol extract of C. annum was fractionated using solid phase extraction (SPE) and screened for R-plasmid transfer inhibition: TP114, PUB 307, PKM 101, R6K and R7K. The bio-guided assay led to the isolation of bioactive compounds with strong R-plasmid transfer inhibition. The compounds were identified using NMR (NMR) and Mass spectroscopy (MS). Capsaicin analogs nonivamide, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-neg. bacteria strains using microdilution method while the plasmid transfer inhibition assay of the compounds was determined by broth mating method. The bioactive fraction Ca-11 showed good inhibition rates (8.57-25.52%) against three R-plasmids PUB307, PKM 101, TP114 followed by the crude extract of C. annum (8.59%) resp. leading to the bioassay-guided isolation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin as the bioactive principles. The antiplasmid effect of pure capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were broad and within active ranges (5.03-31.76%) against the various antibiotic resistance-conferring plasmids including R6K, R7K. Capsaicin, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol had good broad antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 8 to 256 mg/L against effluxing MRSA strains SA1199B (NorA), XU212 (TetK) and RN4220 (MsrA). While they exhibited moderate antibacterial activity (128-512 mg/L) against the Gram-neg. bacteria. The effect of 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and nonivamide on the plasmids were very active on PKM 101 (6.24-22.16%), PUB 307 (1.22-45.63%) and TP114 (0.1-7.19%) comparative to the pos. control plumbagin (5.70-31.76%). These results are suggestive that the R-plasmids could possess substrate for capsaicinoids-like compounds and for their ability to inhibit the plasmid conjugation processes. Plant natural products possess the potential value of antibacterial and mechanistic antiplasmid activity as demonstrated by the compounds and should be evaluated in developing antimicrobial leads to novel mechanism against multidrug-resistant bacteria.N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) has antifouling properties.Recommanded Product: 2444-46-4 It acts as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitor.N-Vanillylnonanamide has been used for the preparation of spicules.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ding, Lingzhi;Zhou, Jiamin;Ye, Lisa;Sun, Yechao;Jiang, Zhenglin;Gan, Deqiang;Xu, Lihua;Luo, Qianqian;Wang, Guohua published 《PPAR-γ Is Critical for HDAC3-Mediated Control of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation after Focal Demyelination》. The research results were published in《Molecular Neurobiology》 in 2020.Formula: C7H7NO3 The article conveys some information:

Disruption of remyelination contributes to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in chronically disabled patients. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) function and probably promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation; however, the relevant mol. mechanisms remain unknown. Here, focal demyelinating lesions (FDLs) were generated in mice by two-point stereotactic injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into the corpus callosum. Cognitive functions, sensorimotor abilities and histopathol. changes were assessed for up to 28 days post-injury with or without VPA treatment. Primary OPCs were harvested and used to study the effect of VPA on OPC differentiation under inflammatory conditions. VPA dose-dependently attenuated learning and memory deficits and robustly protected white matter after FDL induction, as demonstrated by reductions in SMI-32 and increases in myelin basic protein staining. VPA also promoted OPC proliferation and differentiation and increased subsequent remyelination efficiency by day 28 post-FDL induction. VPA treatment did not affect HDAC1, HDAC2 or HDAC8 expression but reduced HDAC3 protein levels. In vitro, VPA improved the survival of mouse OPCs and promoted their differentiation into oligodendrocytes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS caused OPCs to overexpress HDAC3, which translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where it directly interacted with the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-γ and neg. regulated PPAR-γ expression. VPA decreased the expression of HDAC3 and promoted remyelination and functional neurol. recovery after FDL. These findings may support the use of strategies modulating HDAC3-mediated regulation of protein acetylation for the treatment of demyelination-related cognitive dysfunction. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is widely used for a variety of roles in biology and medicine as a chelating therapy.Formula: C7H7NO3It inhibits bacterial or fungi growth by interfering with iron uptake. It is also active as a inhibitor of enzyme involved in tumour growths.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide《Estrogen dampens central cannabinoid receptor 1-mediated neuroexcitation and pressor response in conscious female rats》 was published in 2022. The authors were Yao, Fanrong;Abdel-Rahman, Abdel A., and the article was included in《Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Activation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) causes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent increases in sympathetic activity, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in male rats. However, it remains unknown if the CB1R-mediated neurochem. and cardiovascular responses are influenced by the ovarian sex hormones, particularly estrogen (E2). Therefore, we studied the effects of intra-RVLM CB1R activation (WIN 55,212-2) on BP and HR in conscious female rats under the following hormonal states: (1) highest E2 level (proestrus sham-operated, SO); (2) E2-deprivation (ovariectomized, OVX); (3) OVX with E2 replacement (OVXE2). Intra-RVLM WIN55,212-2 elicited dose (100-400 pmol) dependent pressor and tachycardic responses, in OVX rats, which replicated the reported responses in male rats. However, in SO and OVXE2 rats, the CB1R-mediated pressor response was attenuated and the tachycardic response reverted to bradycardic response. The neurochem. findings suggested a key role for the upregulated RVLM sympathoexcitatory mols. phosphorated protein kinase B, phosphorated nNOS and reactive oxygen species in the exaggerated CB1R-mediated BP and HR responses in OVX rats, and an E2-dependent dampening of these responses. The intra-RVLM WIN55212-2-evoked cardiovascular and neurochem. responses were CB1R-mediated because they were attenuated by prior CB1R blockade (AM251). Our findings suggest that attenuation of RVLM neuroexcitation and oxidative stress underlies the protection conferred by E2, in female rats, against the CB1R-mediated adverse cardiovascular effects. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is widely used for a variety of roles in biology and medicine as a chelating therapy.Name: N,2-DihydroxybenzamideIt inhibits bacterial or fungi growth by interfering with iron uptake. It is also active as a inhibitor of enzyme involved in tumour growths.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mims, Jade;Bansal, Nidhi;Bharadwaj, Manish S.;Chen, Xiaofei;Molina, Anthony J.;Tsang, Allen W.;Furdui, Cristina M. published 《Energy metabolism in a matched model of radiation resistance for head and neck squamous cell cancer》 in 2015. The article was appeared in 《Radiation Research》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 329-89-5 The article mentions the following:

While radiation therapy is commonly used for treating cancer, radiation resistance can limit long-term control of the disease. In this study, we investigated the reprogramming of the energy metabolism in radiosensitive and radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using a preclin. matched model of radiation resistance. Our investigation found that radioresistant rSCC-61 cells: 1. They display increased glucose uptake and decreased fatty acid uptake;. 2. They deviate from the classical Warburg effect by diverting the glycolytic flux into the pentose phosphate pathway;. 3.They are more dependent on glucose than glutamine metabolism to support growth;. 4.They have decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation;. 5.They have enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis by increasing the expression of fatty acid synthase; and 6.They utilize endogenous fatty acids to meet the energy demands for proliferation. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase with orlistat or FASN siRNA resulted in increased cytotoxicity and sensitivity to radiation in rSCC-61 cells. These results demonstrate the potential of combination therapy using radiation and orlistat or other inhibitors of lipid and energy metabolism for treating radiation resistance in HNSCC. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)SDS of cas: 329-89-5 induces apoptosis in tumor cells. It is clinically used in disseminated neoplastic disease. It also acts as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor. It aids in the treatment of psoriasis. It is used as cancer chemotherapeutic drug in animals.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide《Cytochrome c and the transcription factor ABI4 establish a molecular link between mitochondria and ABA-dependent seed germination》 was published in 2022. The authors were Racca, Sofia;Gras, Diana E.;Canal, M. Victoria;Ferrero, Lucia V.;Rojas, Bruno E.;Figueroa, Carlos M.;Ariel, Federico D.;Welchen, Elina;Gonzalez, Daniel H., and the article was included in《New Phytologist》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

During germination, seed reserves are mobilised to sustain the metabolic and energetic demands of plant growth. Mitochondrial respiration is presumably required to drive germination in several species, but only recently its role in this process has begun to be elucidated. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with changes in the levels of the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), we investigated the role of this protein in germination and its relationship with hormonal pathways. Cytochrome c deficiency causes delayed seed germination, which correlates with decreased cyanide-sensitive respiration and ATP production at the onset of germination. In addition, CYTc affects the sensitivity of germination to abscisic acid (ABA), which neg. regulates the expression of CYTC-2, one of two CYTc-encoding genes in Arabidopsis. CYTC-2 acts downstream of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), which binds to a region of the CYTC-2 promoter required for repression by ABA and regulates its expression. The results show that CYTc is a main player during seed germination through its role in respiratory metabolism and energy production In addition, the direct regulation of CYTC-2 by ABI4 and its effect on ABA-responsive germination establishes a link between mitochondrial and hormonal functions during this process. And N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) was used in the research process.

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) is a hydroxamic acid that inhibits the activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) reductase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of PHBA to benzoic acid. Application In Synthesis of N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide The compound has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial functions, leading to cell death.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Today I want to share an article with you. The article is 《A UHPLC-HRMS based metabolomics and chemoinformatics approach to chemically distinguish ′super foods′ from a variety of plant-based foods》,you can find this article in 《Food Chemistry》. The following contents are mentioned:

The aim of this study was to investigate if the declared benefits associated with superfoods are related to a specific mol. composition For this purpose, untargeted metabolomics and mol. networking were used to obtain an overview of all features, focusing on compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or antimicrobial properties.565 plant-based food samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS and advanced data anal. tools. The mol. networking of the whole dataset allowed identification of a greater diversity of mols., in particular, prenol lipids, isoflavonoids and isoquinolines in superfoods, when compared with non-superfood species belonging to the same botanical family. Furthermore, in silico tools were used to expand our chem. knowledge of compounds observed in superfood samples. To complete the study, the researchers used N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) has antifouling properties.COA of Formula: C17H27NO3 It acts as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitor.N-Vanillylnonanamide has been used for the preparation of spicules.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zamani, Shahrzad;Hoseini, Ahmad Zavaran;Namin, Alireza Mesbah published 《Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity can modulate macrophage response to Leishmania major infection》. The research results were published in《International Immunopharmacology》 in 2019.Category: amides-buliding-blocks The article conveys some information:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) ultimately plays a critical role in macrophage functions used against infectious agents. The present study investigated whether changes in G6PDH activity could influence the resistance of infected macrophages against Leishmania major infection. Mouse peritoneal and J774 macrophages were infected, resp., ex vivo and in vitro, with L. major and then exposed to an inhibitor (6-aminonicotinamide) or activator (LPS + melatonin) of G6PDH activity for 24 h. Cell viability [using MTT assay] was measured to assess any direct toxicity from the doses of inhibitor/activator used for the macrophage treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the cells and released into culture supernatants was measured (Griess method) and cell G6PDH activity was also determined Moreover, the number of amastigotes form Leishmania in macrophages that developed over a 7-d period was evaluated. The results showed that an increase in G6PDH activity after treatment of both types of macrophages with a combination of LPS + melatonin caused significant increases in NO production and cell resistance against L. major amastigote formation/survival. However, exposure to 6-aminonicotinamide led to remarkable suppression of G6PDH activity and NO production, events that were associated with a deterioration in cell resistance against (and an increase in cell levels of) the parasites. The results suggested that activation or suppression of G6PDH activity could affect leishmanicidal function of both mouse peritoneal and J774 macrophages. Thus, regulation of macrophages via modulation of G6PDH activity appears to provide a novel window for those seeking to develop alternative therapies for the treatment of leishmaniasis. And 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) was used in the research process.

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Category: amides-buliding-blocks induces apoptosis in tumor cells. It is clinically used in disseminated neoplastic disease. It also acts as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor. It aids in the treatment of psoriasis. It is used as cancer chemotherapeutic drug in animals.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: 6-Aminonicotinamide《L-Cysteine in vitro can restore cellular glutathione and inhibits the expression of cell adhesion molecules in G6PD-deficient monocytes》 was published in 2018. The authors were Parsanathan, Rajesh;Jain, Sushil K., and the article was included in《Amino Acids》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

L-Cysteine is a precursor of glutathione (GSH), a potent physiol. antioxidant. Excess glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in African Americans and low levels of L-cysteine diet in Hispanics can contributes to GSH deficiency and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and monocyte adhesion was considered to be an initial event in the progression of vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, no previous study has investigated the contribution of GSH/G6PD deficiency to the expression of monocyte adhesion mols. Using human U937 monocytes, this study examined the effect of GSH/G6PD deficiency and L-cysteine supplementation on monocyte adhesion mols. G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, resp.) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion mols. (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA levels increased in high glucose, MCP-1 or TNF-α-treated G6PD-deficient compared to G6PD-normal cells. L-Cysteine treatment significantly (p < 0.005) increased G6PD activity and levels of GSH, and decreased NOX, ROS, and adhesion mols. Thus, GSH/G6PD deficiency increases susceptibility to monocyte adhesion processes, whereas L-cysteine supplementation can restore cellular GSH/G6PD and attenuates NOX activity and expression of cell adhesion mols. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Aminonicotinamide (cas: 329-89-5) .

6-Aminonicotinamide (cas:329-89-5)Name: 6-Aminonicotinamide induces apoptosis in tumor cells. It is clinically used in disseminated neoplastic disease. It also acts as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor. It aids in the treatment of psoriasis. It is used as cancer chemotherapeutic drug in animals.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Yu;Shan, Xiaosong;Men, Weidong;Zhai, Hexin;Qiao, Xiaoxia;Geng, Lianting;Li, Chunhui published 《The effect of crocin on memory, hippocampal acetylcholine level, and apoptosis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia》. The research results were published in《Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy》 in 2020.Product Details of 89-73-6 The article conveys some information:

Although the memory- improving effect of crocin has been suggested by previous evidences, the association between this effect and hippocampal acetylcholine (Ach) level and apoptosis is not well investigated. This study aimed to determine the protective effects of crocin on memory, hippocampal Ach level, and apoptosis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats were divided into sham group received saline, and other 3 groups underwent 4-vessel occlusion brain ischemia (4VOI), received oral administration of either saline or crocin in doses of 30 mg/day and 60 mg/day for 7 days. Outcomes were memory, determined by radial eight-arm maze (RAM) task and Morris water maze (MWM) test, Ach release in the dorsal hippocampus (evaluated by microdialysis-HPLC) and apoptosis (investigated by TUNEL assay). 4VOI impaired memory reduced dorsal hippocampus Ach level, and induced apoptosis. Crocin, significantly improved the memory (F = 343.20; P < 0.001 for RAM error choices and F = 182.5; P < 0.0001 for MWM), increased Ach level (F = 115.1; P < 0.001) and prevented hippocampal neuronal apoptosis (W = 183.50; P < 0.001) as compared statistically by ANOVA test. Crocin can be suggested as a promising therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular accidents by its memory preserving, Ach-increasing, and neuroprotective effects. To complete the study, the researchers used N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide (cas: 89-73-6) .

N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide(cas: 89-73-6) can be used:To prepare phenylboronic acid-based bioconjugates for chromatographic applications;As a ligand to synthesize Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes.Product Details of 89-73-6

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Qingqing;Zhu, Jianguo;Ma, Fei;Li, Peiwu;Zhang, Liangxiao;Zhang, Wen;Ding, Xiaoxia;Zhang, Qi published 《Quantitative determination of major capsaicinoids in serum by ELISA and time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies》. The research results were published in《Biosensors & Bioelectronics》 in 2016.Application In Synthesis of N-Vanillylnonanamide The article conveys some information:

To monitor capsaicinoids in serum on-site, three new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were firstly proposed using a conjugate of 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid as the immunogen. Among them, the YQQD8 mAb showed the highest sensitivity and cross-reactivity to major capsaicinoids, such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and N-vanillylnonanamide. A competitive indirect ELISA (icELISA) and a time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatog. assay (TRFICA) were established based on this mAb. The linear range was 1.1-27.0 ng mL^-1 for icELISA and 1.9-62.5 ng mL^-1 for TRFICA and the limit of detection (LOD) of TRFICA was 1.5 ng mL^-1. To decrease the interference of sample components and increase accuracy, serum samples were diluted four times before assays. As a result, the linear range of serum samples was 4.6-107.9 ng mL^-1 for icELISA and 7.6-250.0 ng mL^-1 for TRFICA. Both icELISA and TRFICA showed good recoveries (91.0-112.8% for icELISA and 87.6-111.5% for TRFICA) and concordant results in spiked experiments Overall, this is the first report of immunoassay based on the mAbs for quant. determination of major capsaicinoids, and the results demonstrate that both methods can meet the demands of rapid on-site assay for capsaicinoids in serum samples.N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Application In Synthesis of N-Vanillylnonanamide Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.

Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics