Zinner, Christoph;Holmberg, Hans-Christer;Sperlich, Billy published 《Topical application of cream containing nonivamide and nicoboxil does not enhance the performance of experienced cyclists during a 4-km time-trial》 in 2016. The article was appeared in 《European Journal of Applied Physiology》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: N-Vanillylnonanamide The article mentions the following:
Purpose: Topical application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream to resting legs has been shown to enhance the level of oxygenated Hb in leg muscles 15 min later. Here, we examined whether such application improves the performance of experienced cyclists in a subsequent 4-km time-trial. Methods: Nine male cyclists [26 ± 8 years; 176 ± 9 cm; 73.5 ± 12.8 kg; peak oxygen uptake: 50.7 ± 4.0 mL min-1 kg-1 (mean ± SD)] performed three 4-km time-trials on an ergometer with either topical application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream (CREAM) or cream without active components (SHAM) to both their thigh muscles or no application (CONTROL). Results: Only the skin temperature immediately before and after the time-trial was higher with cream than SHAM and CONTROL (best p < 0.001, best d = 1.16). All other parameters evaluated, i.e., the average power output during the time-trial (p > 0.05, best d = 0.08), the tissue saturation index of the m. vastus lateralis (p > 0.05, best d = 0.57), cardiac output, heart rate, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion (p > 0.05, best d = 1.1) were similar under all three conditions. Conclusions: Our present findings reveal that topical application of cream containing nonivamide and nicoboxil to the thighs of cyclists prior to a 4-km time-trial does not improve their power output, saturation of the m. vastus lateralis with oxygen, oxygen uptake, heart rate, cardiac parameters, or perceived level of exertion. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .
N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Name: N-Vanillylnonanamide Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.
Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics