Martins, Samantha Eslava;Fillmann, Gilberto;Lillicrap, Adam;Thomas, Kevin V. published 《Review: ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Biofouling》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 2444-46-4 The article mentions the following:
A review. Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecol. groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs while reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as N-Vanillylnonanamide (cas: 2444-46-4) .
N-Vanillylnonanamide(cas:2444-46-4) is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA.Related Products of 2444-46-4 Similar to capsaicin, nonivamide can activate the TRPV1 receptor, thus, stimulate the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain and to increase the expression of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A.
Reference:
Amide – Wikipedia,
Amide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics