Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.127-19-5, Name is N,N-Dimethylacetamide, SMILES is CC(N(C)C)=O, belongs to amides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kalous, Tomas, introduce the new discover, Computed Properties of C4H9NO.
Impaired beta cell sensitivity to incretins in type 2 diabetes is insufficiently compensated by higher incretin response
Background and aims: The incretin effect is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. We investigated the relationships between the time course of the incretin effect and that of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), thereby estimating incretin sensitivity of the beta cell, and its associated factors. Methods and results: Eight patients with T2D and eight matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) received 25, 75, and 125 g OGTTs and corresponding isoglycemic glucose infusions (IIGI). The time course of the incretin effect, representing potentiation of insulin secretion by incretins (P-INCR), was determined by mathematical modelling as the time-dependent fold increase in insulin secretion during OGTT compared to IIGI. The time course of P-INCR was correlated with that of both GIP and GLP-1 in each subject (median r = 0.67 in NGT and 0.45 in T2D). We calculated an individual beta cell sensitivity to incretins (S-INCR) using a weighted average of GIP and GLP-1 (pooled incretin concentration, PIC), as the slope of the relationship between P-INCR and PIC. S-INCR was reduced in T2D (p < 0.01). In the whole group, mean PIC, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations during the OGTT were inversely correlated with SINCR, but T2D had lower PIC, GIP and GLP-1 levels at the same S-INCR (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Relative incretin insensitivity is partly compensated for by higher incretin secretory responses. However, T2D shows both impairment in incretin sensitivity and abnormal compensation by incretin secretion. (c) 2017 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 127-19-5 is helpful to your research. Computed Properties of C4H9NO.