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An Ammonium Solvate Ionic Liquid
The first example of ammonium (NH4+) solvate ionic liquids (ILs) is reported. The compound is ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide-18-crown-6 (1/1), i.e. [NH4+][Tf2N-]-18C6 (1/1), where Tf represents SO2CF3. Raman spectra, NMR spectra, and DFT calculations support the conclusion that the compound can be described as an ammonium solvate IL [NH(4)(+)18C6][Tf2N-], which consists of 18C6-coordinated NH4+ cations and Tf2N- anions. The conductivity of the ammonium solvate IL reaches as high as 10 mS cm(-1) at 150 degrees C. The negligible volatility below 200 degrees C is confirmed by thermogravimetry. Compared with a hydronium (H3O+) solvate IL [H(3)O(+)18C6][Tf2N-], the ammonium solvate IL shows better thermal stability, which strongly suggests long residence time of 18C6 with NH4+ cation. The stability may lead to the vehicular-type translational motions of NH4+ cations with 18C6 solvents as proved by their self-diffusion coefficients. The findings regarding this ammonium solvate IL can provide the guidelines to design new NH4+ or proton conductors for ammonium ion batteries and fuel cells, which work at medium-low temperatures of 150 degrees C-200 degrees C.
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